What is the correct way to charge a car battery?
2 Answers
When charging the battery, it is crucial to pay attention to the polarity: the positive terminal should be connected to the positive terminal of the power source, and the negative terminal of the battery should be connected to the negative terminal of the power source. Neglecting the polarity can result in reverse charging, causing both the positive and negative terminals to turn into coarse-grained PbSO4, which prevents the battery from functioning properly and may even lead to battery failure. More details are as follows: 1. Generally, a car battery is charged by the engine's operation. Typically, as long as the engine speed exceeds 1500 RPM, the engine drives the alternator to charge the battery. 2. The alternator in a car generates electricity as long as the engine is running. Whenever electricity is generated, it charges the battery. Once the battery is fully charged, charging stops. As long as the battery's energy is not depleted, no further charging is needed. The alternator adjusts the charging current based on the battery's charge level. 3. Therefore, the amount of electricity consumed by starting the engine once is sufficient for the alternator to charge for ten to twenty minutes. The electricity generated by the alternator first powers all electrical devices required for engine operation, and any remaining electricity is stored in the battery. If you drive at night with full headlights, the power consumption increases, and consequently, the battery charging time will naturally be longer. 4. After the first charge, a new battery often does not reach its full capacity. A discharge cycle should be performed: discharge at a 20-hour rate (i.e., discharge with a current equal to 1/20 of the rated capacity until the cell voltage drops to 1.75V), then recharge with sufficient current. If the capacity remains below 90% of the rated capacity after one charge-discharge cycle, another charge-discharge cycle should be conducted.
As an old-timer who's been driving for over twenty years, I've had my fair share of battery charging experiences. The correct charging method requires attention to detail: first, park the car, turn off the engine, and remove the key. Then locate the negative terminal of the battery, loosen and disconnect it with a wrench to prevent short circuits and fires. Find a well-ventilated area—don’t charge in the garage, as hydrogen gas is produced during charging. Using a smart charger is the easiest option—it automatically adjusts the current and stops when fully charged. When connecting, attach the red clamp to the positive terminal (marked with a plus sign) and the black clamp to the negative terminal, ensuring a secure contact. The charging process typically takes 6-12 hours, so be patient—slow charging with low current protects battery life. Don’t wander too far during charging; occasionally check if the battery feels too hot to the touch. After charging, use a multimeter to measure the voltage—around 12.6 volts is considered normal. This method is not only safe but also extends the battery’s lifespan by two years, saving you from frequent replacements. Don’t slack on regular maintenance either—check the fluid level monthly and top it up with distilled water.
