What is the ABS system on a car?
1 Answers
ABS, short for Anti-lock Braking System, functions by automatically controlling the braking force during vehicle deceleration to prevent wheel lock-up. It maintains the wheels in a state of rolling and sliding (with a slip ratio of around 20%), ensuring maximum traction between the tires and the road surface. The ABS sensor is located on the inner side of the car's tires and can be seen when the vehicle is lifted. The ABS system primarily consists of four components: wheel speed sensors, the electronic control unit (ECU), the hydraulic unit, and the ABS warning light. The wheel speed sensors detect the motion state of the wheels and generate sinusoidal electronic pulse signals. These signals are then processed by a modulator, converted into digital signals, and transmitted to the electronic control unit. The electronic central control unit (ECU) receives input signals from the wheel speed sensors, calculates parameters such as wheel speed, vehicle speed, and slip ratio, and determines the wheel's condition based on the slip ratio. It then issues control commands to the hydraulic unit. The hydraulic unit adjusts the pressure in the brake lines according to the control commands, with the adjustment process including pressure holding, pressure increase, and pressure decrease. The ABS warning light alerts the driver to any system malfunctions. If the ABS warning light illuminates, it is advisable not to continue driving. An illuminated ABS light indicates a malfunction in the vehicle's anti-lock braking system. During emergency braking, if the wheels lock up, the vehicle may lose control and skid, preventing the driver from decelerating or adjusting the vehicle's trajectory, which poses significant safety risks.
