What is Electric Power Steering?
3 Answers
Electric power steering is the EPS system, a power steering system that directly relies on an electric motor to provide auxiliary torque. The electric power steering system does not have the hydraulic pump, hydraulic pipelines, or steering column valve structure of a hydraulic power steering system. Instead, it transmits the assistance generated by the motor to the steering system purely mechanically through a reducer. The electric power steering system consists of a steering column, torque sensor, servo motor, and control module. Its working principle is as follows: After the vehicle starts, the system begins to operate. When the vehicle speed is below a certain threshold, a signal is sent to the control module, which then issues control commands to the servo motor based on data such as steering wheel torque, rotation direction, and vehicle speed. This causes the servo motor to output torque of a corresponding magnitude and direction to generate assistance. When no steering input is detected, the electronic control unit does not send a torque signal to the servo motor, and the current in the servo motor tends toward zero.
I understand electric power steering (EPS) from a technical perspective. Essentially, it's an intelligent steering system that replaces the old hydraulic pump with an electric motor to assist in turning the steering wheel. Traditional hydraulic power steering relied on the engine to drive an oil pump, which was both fuel-consuming and prone to oil leaks. In contrast, EPS uses a battery-powered motor, saving a significant amount of fuel. What I like most is its ability to dynamically adjust the steering assistance based on vehicle speed—light and easy steering in the city, and automatically firmer on the highway for stability. EPS can also integrate with advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), such as lane-keeping assist or parking assist, making driving safer and smarter. However, if you suddenly feel the steering becoming stiff, it could be due to low battery power or motor failure, and you should promptly check the vehicle's computer module to avoid driving risks. Regular maintenance checks on these components are sufficient, so there's no need to worry excessively.
As an experienced driver who has driven various car models, my real feeling about electric power steering is that it makes driving much smoother. In the past, driving cars with hydraulic power steering was strenuous at low speeds, especially during traffic jams when my hands would get sore. Now, with the EPS system relying on electric motor assistance, the steering wheel turns with just a light touch, making turns and maneuvers effortless. As speed increases, the steering effort automatically adjusts, giving a more secure feel. Maintenance is also easier, eliminating the hassle of hydraulic fluid changes and the issue of oil leaks. In my daily driving, I've noticed it responds quickly and operates quietly, though occasionally, an aging battery can reduce power assistance, requiring timely replacement. EPS truly enhances convenience and, combined with modern technology, can even prevent blind spot accidents. Overall, it's a practical and reliable upgrade direction.
