What is a Suspension System?
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Suspension refers to all the force-transmitting connection devices between the vehicle frame and axle. Its function is to transmit forces and torques acting between the wheels and frame, while cushioning the impacts from uneven road surfaces transmitted to the frame or body, thereby reducing resulting vibrations to ensure smooth vehicle operation. A typical suspension system consists of elastic elements, guiding mechanisms, and shock absorbers, with some structures additionally including bump stops and anti-roll bars. Elastic elements come in various forms such as leaf springs, air springs, coil springs, and torsion bars. Modern passenger cars predominantly use coil springs and torsion bars, while some premium vehicles employ air springs.