What is a Hydraulic Power Steering System Composed of?
3 Answers
Hydraulic power steering systems consist of components such as the oil reservoir, power steering control unit, electric pump, steering gear, and power steering sensor, among which the power steering control unit and the electric pump form an integrated structure. The automotive hydraulic power steering system is a mechanical-hydraulic servo system or a mechanical-hydraulic servo mechanism. Details are as follows: 1. The hydraulic distribution valve and the oil pump are combined into one unit, while the booster and the steering gear are assembled together, connected by oil lines in between. 2. The engine drives the oil pump via a belt, delivering oil pressure to the booster. Inside the booster housing is a piston connected to the steering gear's gear, with chambers on both ends of the piston. 3. Nowadays, electronically controlled speed-sensing power steering systems for cars have emerged. In addition to reducing steering effort and improving sensitivity, these systems can also generate steering forces that adapt to different vehicle speeds and driving conditions.
Hydraulic power steering systems are actually quite common. I've driven older cars for over a decade and am very familiar with this system. It has a hydraulic pump - that thing connects to the engine belt, constantly pumping fluid to create pressure that helps turn the steering wheel easily. Then there's the reservoir, a small plastic container holding power steering fluid that you can check regularly under the hood to ensure it doesn't run dry. The control valve is crucial - during steering, it directs fluid flow to the power cylinder. The power cylinder connects directly to the steering mechanism, applying extra force to make wheel movement effortless. There are also oil pipes and hoses connecting the entire system - any leak will make steering heavy and hard to control. I've experienced pumps making excessive noise, feeling like towing a trailer, but replacing the pump fixed it. Though old-fashioned, this system is simple and reliable. Remember to change the fluid regularly to maintain smooth operation and avoid sudden steering failure. While electronic versions are more advanced, this old knowledge still comes in handy for repairs.
As an enthusiast who usually repairs my own car, let me talk about the components of hydraulic power steering. The core of the system is the hydraulic pump, which is driven by the engine to generate high pressure; then the fluid reservoir stores the power steering fluid, and you need to frequently check the fluid level and top it up if it's low. The steering valve operates along the axis, opening the channel as soon as the steering wheel moves; the power piston or cylinder is responsible for the thrust action, directly connected to the wheel components. The oil lines include both flexible and rigid pipes, transmitting the hydraulic pressure. I remember that in hot summer weather, if the oil is too thin, it can affect the power assist effect, so viscosity needs to be checked. When the pump fails, steering becomes laborious and fatiguing, posing significant safety risks. Regularly cleaning the fluid reservoir can extend its lifespan. Although new cars now use electronic systems, many used cars still rely on this, and understanding the components can save on repair costs.
