Here are the specific hazards: 1. Decrease in engine charging efficiency: The higher the temperature, the lower the air density, resulting in reduced actual air intake by the engine. Due to engine overheating, the temperature inside the engine compartment rises further, diminishing the engine's charging capacity. This decline in charging efficiency leads to a drop in engine power, causing the vehicle to lose driving force. Additionally, as the charging efficiency decreases, the air-fuel mixture becomes relatively richer, increasing the concentration of harmful substances (CO, HC, NOx, soot) in the vehicle's exhaust and exacerbating environmental pollution. 2. Abnormal engine combustion: High ambient temperatures raise the temperature of the air-fuel mixture entering the cylinders, elevating the overall operating cycle temperature of the engine. Coupled with the radiator's reduced cooling efficiency, the engine enters an overheated state. The end-gas mixture in the combustion chamber absorbs excessive heat, accelerating pre-flame reactions and increasing the likelihood of engine knocking. Furthermore, an overheated engine causes carbon deposits on the piston top, combustion chamber walls, valve tops, and spark plugs to form hot spots, potentially leading to premature ignition of the combustible mixture. This abnormal combustion further worsens the engine's overheating, creating a vicious cycle. The cylinder block and head are prone to thermal deformation or even cracking, with common issues including burning out the cylinder head gasket, valves, and valve seats. 3. Engine oil degradation: Under high temperature and pressure, the engine oil's oxidation stability deteriorates, hastening its thermal decomposition, oxidation, and polymerization. The oil mixes with incomplete combustion byproducts, condensed water vapor, and dust from the intake air, leading to oil degradation. Moreover, elevated oil temperatures reduce viscosity, thinning the oil and diminishing its lubricating properties, which lowers oil pressure and makes it harder to form a protective lubricating film on engine components. Simultaneously, metal parts expand significantly due to heat, reducing normal clearances between components. These factors accelerate wear and tear, severely impacting the engine's lifespan. 4. Fuel system vapor lock: Higher temperatures increase the likelihood of vapor lock in the engine compartment. When the fuel system heats up, some gasoline evaporates into gas within the fuel lines and pump, not only increasing flow resistance but also, due to the compressibility of gas, causing fuel vapor in the pump's outlet line to compress and expand with the pump's pulsating pressure. This disrupts the vacuum created during the pump's suction phase, leading to insufficient or interrupted fuel supply—a condition known as vapor lock. This phenomenon is more common in hot climates, especially when the vehicle is fully loaded climbing hills or driving at low speeds for extended periods. 5. Ignition system malfunction: In high-temperature environments, the ignition coil may overheat, weakening the high-voltage spark and causing engine misfires at high speeds. In severe cases, the ignition coil may burn out, affecting normal vehicle operation.
