What does Volkswagen P0016 fault code mean?

[RyderLee]

Volkswagen fault code P0016 is caused by a malfunction of the camshaft position sensor or the vehicle speed sensor. Camshaft Position Sensor: The camshaft position sensor is a sensing device, also known as a synchronization signal sensor. It serves as a cylinder identification and positioning device, sending camshaft position signals to the ECU, which is the main control signal for ignition. The camshaft position sensor is generally denoted as CIS. Its function is to collect the position signal of the camshaft and input it into the ECU, enabling the ECU to identify the top dead center of cylinder 1 compression. This facilitates sequential fuel injection control, ignition timing control, and knock control. Vehicle Speed Sensor: The vehicle speed sensor, as the information source for the automotive electronic control system, is a critical component of the system and one of the core research areas in automotive electronic technology. It is used to detect the speed of electronically controlled vehicles. The control computer uses this input signal to manage engine idle speed, torque converter lock-up in automatic transmissions, automatic transmission shifting, engine cooling fan operation, cruise control, and other functions.