What does the term 'chopstick suspension' mean in cars?

[SanMaria]

The term 'chopstick suspension' refers to a suspension system that bears the vehicle's weight and absorbs road bumps. It features an integrated combination of a coil spring and shock absorber forming the damping structure. The top of the shock absorber is fixed to the vehicle body, while the bottom connects to the wheel hub. Its primary function is to distribute longitudinal forces, such as bearing weight and mitigating bumps. The chopstick suspension should technically be called a 'three-link independent suspension.' Its structure mainly consists of three links (two transverse links and one longitudinal link), an integrally designed shock absorber, plus an anti-roll bar for enhanced stability. This type of suspension was used in the previous generation of the Toyota Camry and is currently employed in the BYD Han. The main advantages of this design are its low cost—typically made of steel with fewer linkages—and the compact size of the steering knuckle, which further reduces expenses. Additionally, the design is relatively simple, requiring minimal engineering considerations. One longitudinal link connects to the body, functioning as a trailing arm, while the other two connect the steering knuckle to the subframe. This simplicity reduces design costs and also results in a high leverage ratio, with each link performing a specific role efficiently. However, this design has several drawbacks. Firstly, it provides poor control over wheel camber, leading to inferior handling. Moreover, the connection point of the trailing arm to the body is usually higher than the wheel center. This causes significant front-rear displacement of the wheel center during vertical movement, negatively impacting longitudinal shock absorption and affecting the vehicle's NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) and comfort levels. Another issue is that three-link suspensions typically use a spring-shock absorber integrated design. Due to the higher position of the shock absorber mount, it occupies more rear passenger space. Lastly, for new energy vehicles, the longitudinal trailing arm takes up space, potentially requiring redesigns of hardpoint locations to accommodate battery placement.