What does the association of brake switch A/B mean?

How Does an Engine Work?

The working principle of an engine is to convert thermal energy into kinetic energy. Most engines operate on a four-stroke cycle, which includes the intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke, and exhaust stroke. The vast majority of automotive engines are four-stroke. 1. Intake Stroke: The working medium entering the cylinder is pure air. Due to the lower resistance in the diesel engine's intake system, the intake end pressure pa=(0.85～0.95)p0 is higher than that of a gasoline engine. The intake end temperature Ta=300～340K is lower than that of a gasoline engine. 2. Compression Stroke: Since the compressed working medium is pure air, the compression ratio of a diesel engine is higher than that of a gasoline engine (typically ε=16～22). The compression end pressure is 3000～5000 kPa, and the compression end temperature is 750～1000K, significantly exceeding the auto-ignition temperature of diesel (approximately 520K). 3. Power Stroke: As the compression stroke nears completion, diesel fuel is injected into the cylinder combustion chamber at a high pressure of about 10MPa through the fuel injector under the action of the high-pressure fuel pump. It mixes with air and spontaneously ignites within a very short time. The pressure inside the cylinder rises rapidly, reaching a maximum of 5000～9000 kPa, with a peak temperature of 1800～2000K. Since diesel engines rely on compression for ignition, they are called compression-ignition engines. 4. Exhaust Stroke: The exhaust process of a diesel engine is similar to that of a gasoline engine, except that the exhaust temperature is lower. Typically, Tr=700～900K. For a single-cylinder engine, the speed is uneven, the engine operation is unstable, and vibrations are significant. This is because only one of the four strokes is the power stroke, while the other three strokes consume energy to prepare for the power stroke. To address this issue, the flywheel must have sufficient rotational inertia, which in turn increases the overall mass and size of the engine. Multi-cylinder engines can compensate for these shortcomings. Modern vehicles commonly use four-cylinder, six-cylinder, and eight-cylinder engines.

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Should the handbrake be released or pulled up after parking?

After parking, the handbrake should be pulled up, and when driving, it should be released. Releasing the handbrake means lowering it, allowing you to shift into first gear and start moving. The handbrake is a frequently used tool when starting or parking a car. How to use the handbrake The handbrake consists of a handle and a button at the top of the handle. To use it, hold the handle with your right hand, press the button with your thumb, and pull the handbrake up to engage the parking brake function. When you want to drive, you need to disengage the parking brake. Hold the handle with your right hand, press the button with your thumb, and push the handle down to release the handbrake. Parking brakes can be divided into three categories: One type is the manual brake; Another type is the foot-operated brake; And the last type is the electronic parking brake. Parking brake working principle: The handbrake (parking brake) is an auxiliary braking system that relies mainly on manual force. It is typically used when parking to prevent the vehicle from rolling. It mainly consists of a brake lever, cables, brake mechanism, and return spring. It locks the drive shaft to immobilize the drive wheels, and some models lock both rear wheels. The brake lever utilizes the lever principle, locking into place via a locking tooth when pulled to a fixed position. Precautions for using the parking brake: Do not engage the parking brake while the car is moving, as this can cause overheating, reduce the effectiveness of the rear brakes, shorten the brake's lifespan, or cause permanent damage. If the parking brake cannot hold the car securely or does not fully release, have it inspected by a dealer or service center immediately. Before leaving the car, always fully engage the parking brake; otherwise, the car may move, causing injury or damage. When parking, ensure that the gear lever of a manual transmission car is in neutral, and the gear lever of an automatic transmission car is in the "P" (Park) or "N" (Neutral) position. Most automatic transmission cars only allow the ignition key to be removed when in "P" gear. Except under special circumstances, strictly avoid parking the car while the transmission is in a forward gear (D, S, L, or with Arabic numerals) or reverse (R) position.

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Should the Excelle use 92 or 95 octane gasoline?

According to the official vehicle manual recommendation, the Excelle should use 92 octane gasoline. In addition to checking the appropriate gasoline grade in the vehicle manual, the Excelle's fuel cap also displays this information. Generally, the gasoline grade can also be determined based on the engine's compression ratio. Vehicles with an engine compression ratio between 8.6-9.9 should use 92 octane gasoline, while those with a compression ratio between 10.0-11.5 should use 95 octane gasoline. However, with the application of new technologies, the compression ratio alone cannot determine the gasoline grade, as high compression ratio engines can also be tuned to use lower octane gasoline. Other factors, such as ignition timing, turbocharging technology, and Atkinson cycle technology, also play a role. Generally, the higher the gasoline grade, the higher the octane number and the better the anti-knock performance. 92 octane gasoline contains 92% isooctane and 8% n-heptane, while 95 octane gasoline contains 95% isooctane and 5% n-heptane. If the Excelle occasionally uses the wrong gasoline grade, simply switch back to the correct grade after consumption. However, long-term use of the wrong gasoline grade can have the following effects: For vehicles designed for lower octane gasoline, using higher octane gasoline will not cause damage, but the increased octane number can alter the fuel's ignition point, leading to delayed combustion in the engine. This reduces the engine's power output and thermal efficiency, resulting in poorer performance. For vehicles designed for higher octane gasoline, using lower octane gasoline can cause engine knocking. The significantly lower octane number reduces the fuel's ignition point, causing premature ignition during the compression stroke. If the fuel ignites before the spark plug fires, resistance occurs during the upward stroke. This resistance makes the engine run very unstably. Mild knocking only increases noise without significant engine damage, but severe knocking indicates serious engine conditions, affecting not only driving stability but also causing abnormal wear on pistons and cylinders, and even cylinder scoring in extreme cases.

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What is the best way to clean car windows?

Car windows can be effectively cleaned using asphalt remover, automotive glass cleaner, or multi-purpose cleaning agents. Below is relevant information about car windows: Car window maintenance methods: Use automotive-specific glass cleaner, apply high-quality sun films to car windows, purchase glass insurance, regularly remove dirt from car windows, and cover the front windshield with a protective layer when parking outdoors in winter. Car window cleaning methods: Wet the glass with water, apply toothpaste evenly on the glass, gently scrub with a sponge, then rinse thoroughly; dilute glass cleaner with water, pour it into a spray bottle, spray onto the glass, and wipe clean with a soft, lint-free cloth; spray a small amount of water on the glass and wipe it clean with old newspapers.

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What to Pay Attention to When Purchasing an Engine Guard Plate for Your Car

Here is a detailed introduction to the considerations when purchasing an engine guard plate for your car: Purchase qualified products from official channels: There are many types of products on the market, and there are many other guard plates made of different materials with similar appearances and colors, making it difficult to distinguish the real material. Pay attention to breathability and reserved openings: To maintain ventilation and heat dissipation functions, choose a guard plate with heat dissipation holes on the surface. Additionally, some reserved gaps on the surface are for maintenance purposes, so it's best to compare them in advance when purchasing. Material: Use new aviation-grade aluminum alloy material, which not only has strong toughness and excellent impact resistance but also outstanding thermal conductivity.

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Can the ETC device be removed after installation?

The ETC device can be removed after installation. However, if you remove the ETC device yourself, it will become invalid. This is because the ETC device has an anti-tamper feature. There is a small switch on the back of the ETC electronic tag. Once it is peeled off from the windshield, the internal switch will automatically close. Therefore, you must take the vehicle's registration certificate to the ETC service provider to reactivate it. ETC Billing Principle: There will be one or more ETC lanes on highways. Through microwave short-range communication between the vehicle-mounted electronic tag installed on the windshield and the microwave antenna in the ETC lane at the toll station, the computer network technology is used to settle accounts with the bank. This achieves the purpose of paying tolls without stopping at the toll station, all based on the principle of passing first and deducting fees later. Benefits of Installing ETC: Time-saving: Eliminates the hassle of waiting in line; Green and eco-friendly: Low-carbon, vehicles pass through toll stations without stopping, reducing noise and exhaust emissions and minimizing pollution; Reduced wear and tear: Saves costs, reduces the frequency of vehicle starts and brakes, and lowers wear and fuel consumption; Improved efficiency: The theoretical efficiency of ETC lanes can be increased by 2-3 times, making traditional ETC faster, more advanced, and more high-tech. Compared to license plate payment, ETC technology is more mature and advantageous. More policy support: The State Council clearly stated in the "13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of a Modern Comprehensive Transportation System" that "by 2020, the interoperability of transportation cards in key urban clusters will be basically achieved, and the proportion of vehicles equipped with ETC will be significantly increased." It also set the target of "achieving a 50% ETC usage rate for road passenger vehicles by 2020" in the main indicators of the "13th Five-Year Plan" for comprehensive transportation development. More future possibilities: In addition to continuously improving the convenience of ETC installation and usage and the ETC adoption rate for passenger vehicles, the future will also promote the use of ETC for trucks and explore the deep integration of the ETC system with smart transportation development directions such as vehicle-to-vehicle communication and vehicle-road coordination. This will provide comprehensive travel services for car owners, meaning more application scenarios will support ETC usage. Precautions for Installing ETC: Do not obstruct the view; it is best to install it behind the rearview mirror: Many car models have windshields with a large rearward tilt, which reduces the driver's field of vision. If this is not considered during ETC installation, it will increase the driver's blind spots. Installing it behind the rearview mirror on the right side can avoid obstructing the view. Do not interfere with charging: The ETC electronic tag requires power, but it generally does not need to be charged or have its battery replaced because it has a solar panel on the back that can charge itself. Therefore, during installation, avoid the blackened areas on the windshield and positions that may block the solar panel. Once installed, do not remove it arbitrarily: The button in the middle of the adhesive is an anti-tamper rod connected to a switch. After the electronic tag is installed, the windshield will press the anti-tamper rod in. If the device is removed arbitrarily, the anti-tamper rod will pop out and trigger the switch, locking the electronic tag and rendering it unusable. You will then need to visit an ETC service point to unlock it. This is designed to prevent multiple vehicles from sharing one device. Notes for Using ETC: The ETC transaction sensing range is 8 meters. To prevent the ETC device of the vehicle in front from malfunctioning, maintain a distance of more than 10 meters from the vehicle in front to avoid automatic sensing and paying for the vehicle ahead. The ETC lane recognition speed is 20 km/h. If the speed is too fast, the vehicle's device information cannot be read, resulting in a failed fee deduction. When using a debit card linked to ETC, insufficient balance will also cause the fee deduction to fail.

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What does the association of brake switch A/B mean?

How Does an Engine Work?

Should the handbrake be released or pulled up after parking?

Should the Excelle use 92 or 95 octane gasoline?

What is the best way to clean car windows?

What to Pay Attention to When Purchasing an Engine Guard Plate for Your Car

Can the ETC device be removed after installation?

What Causes Black Smoke When Rapidly Accelerating a Diesel Vehicle?

How many seconds does it take for the Tesla Model X to accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h?

What to Do If Gasoline Leaks into Engine Oil?

What to Do When the Car Gets Dented?