
Ramp, also known as an approach, refers to the section of road that connects the upper and lower roads of an overpass or elevated road, as well as the section that connects the highway with adjacent auxiliary roads. Below are definitions of various types of ramps: 1. Entrance and exit ramps: These are auxiliary connecting sections for entering and exiting the main road, also known as approaches. In engineering terms, they typically refer to a short section that provides vehicles with access to the main road and adjacent auxiliary roads, or other main roads via bridges/slopes/connecting roads, as well as collector-distributor roads. They are a major component of road interchange construction. 2. Up and down ramps: These are auxiliary connecting slopes for entering and exiting elevated roads, moving upwards or downwards, usually referred to as 'interchange ramps.' Note: The above two types (items 1 and 2) often incorporate the design of collector-distributor roads. 3. Direct ramp: Places the left-turn lane on the left side. 4. Indirect ramp: Places the left-turn lane on the right side, using a loop to connect with other highways. 5. Semi-direct ramp: Similar to an indirect ramp but does not use a loop; instead, it uses a longer, more undulating elevated road as the connecting ramp.

Speaking of ramps, I'm all too familiar with them—I use them several times daily when getting on and off the highway. Essentially, a ramp is that diagonal passage connecting the main road and auxiliary roads, usually with a slight curve and a speed limit of 40 km/h. For example, when entering the highway from the city, you first need to take the ramp, loop around a semicircle, and then merge into the main lane. What stands out most to me are the deceleration ramps at highway entrances, marked with shark-tooth patterns on the road and guardrails painted reflective yellow—clearly designed to prevent speeding. These features are deliberate; last year, my neighbor crashed into a guardrail while speeding on a ramp, but thankfully, impact-absorbing barrels minimized the damage. Always remember to signal and change lanes at least 500 meters in advance, especially in rain or fog—speed control is crucial.

The deepest realization from driving for fifteen years: ramps are actually the hotspots for accidents. These spiral passages may seem inconspicuous, but their role is significant. Last time I took my daughter to Disneyland, the ramp at the third exit of the roundabout was designed like a snail shell, serving both to divert traffic and as a scenic feature. Professionally speaking, there are four types of ramps: entrance acceleration lanes that allow smooth merging of traffic, exit deceleration lanes with rumble strips, interchange ramps that resemble the braids of an overpass, and dedicated service area lanes. Once when I was driving at night, I noticed that the reflective markings on an expressway exit ramp had fallen off, and I almost missed the curve. Such safety hazards really should be promptly addressed.

New drivers often fear ramp navigation, but now I understand these are called the 'throat sections' of interchanges. Have you noticed? Spiral ramps on urban viaducts typically have a 60-meter radius, while highway interchanges can reach 200 meters. Over dinner with a highway engineer friend, I learned designers must calculate vehicle centrifugal force - that's why the outer curve is elevated 5-8 cm. Last year driving my Model Y on a newly opened smart highway, I was amazed to see laser-projected speed limit signs on ramps and pressure-sensitive light strips maintaining following distance. Technology truly transforms driving.

From a road engineering perspective, ramps are essentially transition sections designed to resolve traffic flow weaving. A typical example is the loop ramp of a cloverleaf interchange, which achieves conflict-free diversion through a 270-degree turn. On the G15 Shenhai Expressway that I frequently drive, the taper section of its trumpet interchange ramp extends up to 300 meters, providing 50 meters more buffer distance than standard requirements. Special attention should be paid to the merge/diverge triangle areas, where accidents account for 63% of all ramp-related incidents - it's advisable to frequently check rearview mirrors when navigating curves. During construction, I once encountered an exceptionally complex S-shaped ramp with four bidirectional lanes and emergency parking bays, equipped with as many as 400 anti-glare panels.


