The prompt on the car that brake pads do not include decoding means that the replaced brake pads cannot be decoded, i.e., the brake pads cannot be replaced. After replacing undecodable brake pads, the electronic parking brake system of the vehicle cannot be used. Even if forcibly replaced, the vehicle cannot be used until a decoder is used to decode them. This is because the brake caliper piston is electrically controlled by design, and the car can only retract the electronic pump via a decoder—manual control is not possible. Electronic calipers require a decoder, typically used in high-end vehicles: Under normal wear conditions, friction between the brake disc and brake pads will cause wear, which is normal as long as it meets standard requirements. However, if wear is excessive (e.g., rapid disc wear) or uneven (e.g., brake disc not wearing), immediate inspection is necessary. The impact on the vehicle's functionality should be analyzed based on the actual wear of the brake pads. The vehicle's user manual provides detailed standards under the braking section, including normal wear and maintenance guidelines for brake discs and pads. Brake pads are a critical component of a car's braking system, determining the effectiveness of braking. Also known as brake linings, they consist of a steel plate, an adhesive heat-insulating layer, and a friction block. The insulating layer is made of non-conductive material to prevent heat transfer. The steel plate undergoes anti-rust treatment, while the friction block is composed of friction material that generates friction against the brake disc or drum to decelerate the vehicle. High-quality brake pads are recommended, as low-cost ones wear out quickly and are consumable parts. Brake pads are mainly categorized into the following types: semi-metallic brake pads, low-metallic brake pads, ceramic brake pads, and carbon fiber friction pads. Semi-metallic brake pads: Most factory-installed brake pads use this formula, which is the cheapest. They have a low friction coefficient (typically 0.38), short lifespan, and are prone to noise, though some manufacturers produce high-friction variants. Ceramic brake pads: Different manufacturers use varying raw materials, leading to price and quality differences. Genuine ceramic brake pads contain aramid fibers, offering superior lifespan and performance compared to other types, but they are more expensive. Carbon-titanium ceramic brake pads: These use carbon fiber as a reinforcing material, known for its high modulus, thermal conductivity, and heat resistance. Alongside carbon fiber, graphite and carbon compounds are used. The organic binder in the components is carbonized, hence the name carbon or carbon-titanium friction material. High-carbon carbon fiber brake pads: Carbon fiber friction material is among the best, with high power absorption per unit area and lightweight properties, making it ideal for aircraft brake pads. Some high-end sports cars also use them, though their high cost limits widespread application.
