What does ff stand for in car drivetrains?

[Pinto]

In car drivetrains, ff stands for front-engine, front-wheel drive. Most family cars use this layout. Some front-engine, front-wheel drive cars have transversely mounted engines, while others have longitudinally mounted engines, such as certain models from Audi and Volkswagen. For transversely mounted engine models, the transmission also needs to be mounted transversely. The advantage of this setup is that it does not encroach on the cabin space, allowing for a larger interior and improved comfort. However, there are also drawbacks. Due to the transverse mounting of the engine and transmission, most of the weight is concentrated at the front of the car, which can negatively affect handling. Front-engine, front-wheel drive cars are prone to understeer during fast cornering. Understeer occurs when the excessive weight at the front causes significant inertia, leading the front wheels to lose traction first. As a result, the car cannot follow the trajectory intended by the driver.