What does engine open-loop and closed-loop mean?

1 Answers
JulianaFitz
07/28/25 2:32pm
Open-loop or closed-loop refers to the engine computer control method. In open-loop control, the computer control results are not fed back into the system. Engine open-loop or closed-loop: Open-loop control cannot precisely regulate the fuel injection amount, whereas in closed-loop control, the control results are fed back in real-time into the system, allowing for accurate fuel injection control to achieve the optimal air-fuel ratio. During cold starts, the system should display an open-loop state. Once the engine reaches normal operating temperature, the engine computer receives signals from the oxygen sensor to control the fuel injection amount in real-time, optimizing the air-fuel mixture. Open-loop control: During engine startup, a rich air-fuel mixture is required to start the engine. During warm-up when the engine temperature is below the normal operating temperature of 80 degrees, rapid heating is needed. Under high load conditions (full throttle), a richer mixture is required to maximize engine power output.
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