What Does Brake-by-Wire Mean?
2 Answers
Brake-by-wire system refers to an electronically controlled braking system, which is divided into mechanical brake-by-wire systems and hydraulic brake-by-wire systems. Mechanical Brake-by-Wire System: The mechanical brake-by-wire system (EMB for short) is fundamentally different from conventional hydraulic braking systems. EMB uses electrical energy as its power source, driving the brake pads via an electric motor. Energy is transmitted through wires, and signals are conveyed via data lines. EMB is a type of brake-by-wire system. The entire system lacks connected brake pipelines, featuring a simple structure and compact size. Signals are transmitted electrically, ensuring quick response, reduced braking distance, stable operation, and easy maintenance. Without hydraulic oil pipelines, there are no issues of hydraulic oil leakage. Direct control via ECU makes it easy to implement functions such as ABS, TCS, ESP, and ACC. Hydraulic Brake-by-Wire System: EHB evolved from traditional hydraulic braking systems but differs significantly from conventional braking methods. EHB replaces some mechanical components with electronic ones, forming an advanced electromechanical system that integrates electronic and hydraulic systems. EHB mainly consists of an electronic pedal, an electronic control unit (ECU), and a hydraulic actuator. The electronic pedal is composed of a brake pedal and a pedal sensor (pedal displacement sensor). The pedal sensor detects the pedal stroke, converts the displacement signal into an electrical signal, and transmits it to the ECU, enabling proportional control of pedal stroke and braking force.
I once researched brake-by-wire technology when discussing automotive innovations with friends. Essentially, it replaces traditional mechanical connections with electronic signals. Conventional braking relies on hydraulic fluid to transmit pedal force, whereas brake-by-wire only requires you to press the pedal - sensors instantly detect the motion, convert it into electrical signals, transmit them via wires to the control unit, which then commands the brake actuator. Its greatest advantage is lightning-fast response, reducing the delay between pedal press and pad engagement to milliseconds, potentially gaining half a car length in emergency avoidance situations. Modern automakers favor integrating it with advanced driver assistance systems, with applications seen in Tesla and NIO's latest models. However, backup power stability is crucial - mechanical fail-safes must immediately engage during total power failure.