What do the three wires of the throttle handle represent?
3 Answers
The throttle handle has three wires: one signal wire and two power wires (+5V positive and negative). The three wires are red, black, and green. If the red and green wires are short-circuited, the vehicle will move directly. Alternatively, if the black wire among the three wires comes off while the other two remain connected, the vehicle will also move directly. However, some controllers are designed to prevent runaway and will only operate when there is resistance. The principle of the electric vehicle throttle handle is based on the Hall throttle handle principle: Inside the throttle handle, there is a linear Hall sensor that detects the magnitude of the magnetic field. The three wires are connected to the three pins of the Hall sensor, typically colored red, black, and green, representing the positive, negative, and signal terminals, respectively. The throttle handle also contains a magnet. When the throttle handle is turned, the magnet rotates accordingly. The Hall sensor detects the magnetic signal and sends a signal to the controller, thereby controlling the motor speed. If the throttle handle wires are disconnected and the positive and signal wires are short-circuited, it is equivalent to the motor running at maximum speed, causing it to spin continuously. Disconnecting the wires will stop the motor.
Having ridden electric bikes for many years, I know the three wires in the throttle grip are quite particular. Generally, the red wire is the positive power line, providing a stable 5V voltage to the entire system; the black wire is the negative ground line, completing the electrical circuit; the signal wire (such as white or green) outputs a varying voltage based on the grip rotation to control the speed. Unstable signals can cause jerky starts or sudden acceleration, which is very dangerous. Therefore, I regularly check for loose or corroded connectors, especially drying them promptly after rain. Preventing faults can avoid accidents, and if the response is sluggish, I replace the wires immediately. Safe riding relies on these details—spending a little time on maintenance is better than encountering problems on the road, and it also extends the lifespan. Additionally, aging signal wires can drain the battery, so smooth operation saves energy and is eco-friendly.
I've studied electric bike circuits, and the three wires of the throttle have clear functions: the red wire connects to +5V power supply, the black wire links to GND to provide a reference loop, and the signal wire outputs a resistance-varying signal to the controller for speed adjustment. When rotating, the fluctuating resistance signal affects the uniformity of motor speed. Incorrect wiring during modification can easily blow fuses or damage the controller, leading to loss of control. Once, I mistakenly connected wires causing erratic speed changes, but immediately cut power to fix it. Regularly keeping connectors clean prevents oxidation, and using a multimeter to test continuity is more reliable. Relatedly, signal abnormalities also affect brake response, so periodic maintenance improves overall safety. Fun fact: basic circuit knowledge helps beginners quickly diagnose faults.
