To change a title on a car, you'll need to provide specific documents to your local Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). The core requirements are the current title properly signed over to you, a completed title application form, a valid form of photo identification, and payment for the applicable taxes and fees. The exact process and required paperwork can vary significantly by state, so checking your local DMV's website is the most critical first step.
The most important document is the vehicle's title, or pink slip. When buying from a private seller, ensure the seller signs the title in the designated "seller" or "transfer" section, and you sign as the buyer. The information must match exactly, including the odometer reading. If there's a loan on the car, the lienholder (the bank) will hold the title until the loan is paid off, and they will handle the release.
You will also need proof of the sale price. A bill of sale is often required to calculate the sales tax you'll owe. Some states mandate specific forms, while others accept a simple handwritten document. Additionally, you must provide proof of auto insurance that meets your state's minimum coverage requirements. An odometer disclosure statement is required for vehicles under a certain age (typically 10 years old) to verify the mileage.
Here is a general overview of common requirements and potential costs:
| Requirement | Description | Example/Note |
|---|
| Signed Title | The physical title certificate signed by the previous owner. | Must be free of errors; white-out or corrections may void it. |
| Title Application | State-specific form (e.g., Form MV-82 in NY). | Available on your state's DMV website. |
| Photo ID | Driver's license, state ID, or passport. | Must be current and issued by the state. |
| Proof of Insurance | Insurance card or binder from your provider. | Must be active at the time of transfer. |
| Bill of Sale | Document showing the vehicle's sale price. | Used to calculate sales tax; not required in all states. |
| Odometer Disclosure | Statement of the vehicle's current mileage. | Required for most vehicles under 10 years old. |
| VIN Inspection | Verification of the Vehicle Identification Number. | May be required for out-of-state vehicles or first-time registrations. |
| Sales Tax | Tax based on the purchase price or standard value. | Rates vary by state and county; can be a significant cost. |
| Title Fee | Fee for issuing the new title. | Typically ranges from $15 to $100. |
| Registration Fee | Fee to legally drive the vehicle on public roads. | Often the largest fee; varies by vehicle type and state. |
If the title is lost, the seller must apply for a duplicate before the sale can be completed. For inherited vehicles, you'll typically need the title along with a copy of the death certificate and court documents proving you are the legal heir. The best practice is always to contact your local DMV or visit their website to get a precise checklist for your specific situation before you go.
