What do 4S stores and secondary networks mean?

[MacCarson]

4S stores and secondary networks are introduced as follows: 1. 4S stores: The so-called 4S refers to the four major services: Sale, Sparepart, Service, and Survey. They are generally invested and constructed by dealers according to the standards specified by automobile manufacturers. 2. Secondary networks: These are secondary dealers, small car dealers without manufacturer certification. Secondary dealers are usually distribution outlets of primary agents or regional general agents. They do not have their own vehicles and source cars from 4S stores. However, since they are not restricted by manufacturers like 4S stores and have lower investment costs, their prices are generally lower than those of 4S stores. Additionally, because secondary dealers can source cars from multiple 4S stores, they have access to a wider range of brands, models, and available vehicles compared to single-brand 4S stores.