What Components Make Up the Vehicle Control System?
2 Answers
The vehicle control system includes the powertrain electronic control system, chassis electronic control system, and body electronic control system. Powertrain Electronic Control System: Mainly consists of engine electronic control (including gasoline and diesel engines), automatic transmission control (ECT, CVT/ECVT, etc.), and integrated electronic control of the powertrain assembly. The control system is primarily composed of various sensors, actuators, and electronic control units (ECUs). Chassis Electronic Control System: Includes anti-lock braking and dynamic body control systems (ABS/ASR, ESP/VDC), traction control system, suspension and vehicle height control system, tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS), cruise control system (CCS), steering control system (e.g., 4WS), and drive control system (e.g., 4WD). Body Electronic Control System: Mainly consists of airbags (SRS), automatic seats, automatic climate control, interior noise control, central anti-theft door locks, visibility lighting control, automatic wipers, automatic windows and doors, automatic collision avoidance system, and power management systems for various electrical devices.
I have been researching automotive control systems for many years. Its core components include the Engine Control Module (ECM), which manages fuel injection and ignition timing to ensure efficient engine operation; the Transmission Control Unit (TCU) handles automatic gear shifting for smoother acceleration; the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) monitors wheel speed to prevent tire lockup during emergency braking; and the Electronic Stability Control (ESC) module detects slip signs via sensors to adjust braking force and avoid loss of control. These components are interconnected via the CAN bus, transmitting data like a nervous system. Sensors such as temperature and speed sensors collect real-time road condition information, while actuators drive mechanical actions. Modern systems also incorporate Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), using radar to regulate vehicle speed, collectively enhancing driving safety and fuel economy. Older vehicles lacking these systems tend to consume more fuel and pose higher risks on highways.
