What components generally make up a suspension system?

[StJace]

Suspension systems are primarily composed of three major components: elastic elements, guiding mechanisms, and shock absorbers. Some structurally complex suspensions also include buffer blocks and anti-roll bars. The function of the suspension is to transmit forces and torque between the wheels and the frame, while cushioning the impact from uneven road surfaces on the vehicle frame or body, reducing vibrations, and ensuring smooth driving. The roles of suspension: 1. The suspension is a crucial component in a vehicle, elastically connecting the frame and wheels, affecting various performance aspects of the car; 2. It transmits forces and torque between the wheels and the frame while cushioning impacts from uneven roads, reducing vibrations to ensure smooth driving; 3. Externally, the suspension appears to consist merely of some rods, tubes, and springs. However, it plays a vital role in the overall vehicle. This is because the suspension must meet both comfort and handling stability requirements, which are often contradictory; 4. To achieve good comfort, the suspension must better absorb vibrations, requiring softer springs. However, softer springs can lead to excessive 'nose-dive' during braking, 'lift' during acceleration, and severe body roll, making steering difficult and causing unstable handling.