What Causes White Smoke from a Diesel Engine?
2 Answers
Diesel engine emits white smoke for the following reasons: 1. The engine temperature is too low. Some diesel fuel turns into oil vapor without burning and is discharged from the exhaust pipe with the exhaust gas, resulting in white smoke. 2. There is water in the fuel supply system. Water in the fuel or combustion chamber is heated by the heat released during combustion in the cylinder and turns into steam, which is discharged from the exhaust pipe, forming white smoke. 3. The fuel injection timing is too late. Due to the delayed injection timing, the cylinder temperature has already dropped when the fuel is injected, causing some diesel fuel to turn into oil vapor without burning, resulting in white smoke. 4. Poor atomization of the fuel injector. Poor atomization leads to incomplete combustion of diesel fuel, which mixes with the high-temperature exhaust gas from normally operating cylinders in the exhaust pipe, causing white smoke. 5. The cylinder pressure is too low. Some diesel fuel turns into oil vapor without burning, thus emitting white smoke from the exhaust pipe.
I've been working in the auto repair shop for nearly 20 years, and diesel engines emitting white smoke is a common sight. This mostly happens during cold starts, especially in winter when low engine temperature leads to incomplete fuel combustion. If the fuel injectors are worn or clogged and can't spray a uniform fuel mist, white smoke appears. Another possibility is water contamination in the fuel or unstable fuel pump pressure. During inspection, I first check if the cooling system's water temperature is normal, then test the fuel injection timing and air filter. If not addressed promptly, carbon buildup or engine overheating may occur, and prolonged neglect could damage the cylinder block. I recommend getting a professional diagnosis early, replacing the air filter or cleaning the injectors, which often saves big money and prevents unexpected breakdowns.
