What batteries are currently used in pure electric vehicles?
2 Answers
Currently, pure electric vehicles use ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries. Ternary Lithium Battery: Also known as ternary polymer lithium battery, it uses graphite material for the negative electrode and nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (NCM) or nickel-cobalt-aluminum oxide (NCA) materials for the positive electrode. The ternary composite positive electrode material can adjust the ratio according to actual needs. Compared with lithium iron phosphate batteries, it has higher energy density, smaller battery size, and better low-temperature performance. Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery: Since lithium iron phosphate is used as the positive electrode material, it is called lithium iron phosphate battery. Its raw materials are low-cost, and the thermal control temperature of lithium iron phosphate batteries is relatively high, generally above 500 degrees. Therefore, compared with ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries have relatively stronger stability. The most important advantage of lithium iron phosphate batteries is their long service life, and their charge-discharge cycle times are better than those of ternary lithium batteries.
I've been driving a pure electric vehicle for several years, commonly using lithium-ion batteries, which mainly come in two types: one is called lithium iron phosphate (LFP), and the other is ternary lithium. LFP batteries are safer and have a longer lifespan but are heavier, making them suitable for family SUVs; ternary lithium batteries have higher energy density and charge faster but are more expensive, making them popular in high-end models. These batteries are assembled into modules and placed under the vehicle, providing high energy that easily allows a range of over 400 kilometers. Nowadays, fast charging can reach 80% in just half an hour. The downside is that they degrade over time, but under normal use, they can last about eight years without major issues. In the future, solid-state batteries may offer even greater safety, and companies like CATL are actively advancing their development, which is quite exciting. For daily use, avoiding always charging to full and discharging shallowly can help extend their lifespan.
