What Are the Types of Shock Absorbers?
1 Answers
From the perspective of materials, shock absorbers are mainly divided into hydraulic and pneumatic types. Structurally, they can be categorized into single-tube and double-tube types. Further classifications include single-tube pneumatic shock absorbers, double-tube hydraulic shock absorbers, and double-tube oil-gas shock absorbers. Hydraulic Shock Absorbers: Hydraulic shock absorbers are widely used in automotive suspension systems. Their working principle involves the relative reciprocating motion between the frame and the axle, causing the piston to move back and forth within the cylinder of the shock absorber. During this process, the oil inside the shock absorber repeatedly flows from one chamber to another through narrow orifices. The friction between the liquid and the inner walls, as well as among the liquid molecules, creates a damping force that counteracts vibrations. Pneumatic Shock Absorbers: Pneumatic shock absorbers are a new type developed since the 1960s. Their structural feature includes a floating piston installed at the lower part of the cylinder, forming a sealed gas chamber filled with high-pressure nitrogen between the floating piston and one end of the cylinder. The floating piston is equipped with a large-section O-ring seal, completely separating the oil and gas. The working piston has compression and extension valves that adjust the flow area based on the piston's movement speed. When the wheels move up and down, the working piston reciprocates within the oil, creating a pressure difference between the upper and lower chambers. This pressure difference forces the oil to flow back and forth by opening the compression and extension valves. The valves generate significant damping force, thereby attenuating vibrations.
