What are the types of new energy batteries?

[Noah]

New energy electric vehicle batteries can be categorized as follows: 1. Lead-acid batteries: Lead-acid batteries have low cost, good low-temperature performance, and high cost-effectiveness; however, they feature low energy density, short lifespan, large size, and poor safety. Due to their low energy density and short lifespan, electric vehicles powered by them cannot achieve high speeds or long ranges, making them generally suitable for low-speed vehicles. 2. Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries: NiMH batteries offer low cost, mature technology, long lifespan, and durability; but they suffer from low energy density, large size, low voltage, and memory effect. Although they perform better than lead-acid batteries, they contain heavy metals, posing environmental pollution risks if discarded. 3. Lithium manganese oxide (LMO) batteries: LMO batteries have low cost and good safety and low-temperature performance as cathode materials, but the material itself is not very stable and tends to decompose, producing gas. Therefore, they are often mixed with other materials to reduce cell costs. However, their cycle life degrades quickly, they are prone to swelling, have poor high-temperature performance, and relatively short lifespans, mainly used in medium and large-sized cells. 4. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries: LiFePO4 batteries offer excellent thermal stability, safety, low cost, and long lifespan, but have low energy density and are sensitive to low temperatures. Their internal chemical composition begins to decompose only at 500-600°C, and they do not burn or explode under puncture, short circuit, or high-temperature conditions, also featuring a long service life. However, their vehicle range is average, and charging efficiency drops below -5°C, making them unsuitable for winter charging in northern regions. 5. Ternary lithium (NMC/NCA) batteries: Ternary lithium batteries boast high energy density, long cycle life, and resistance to low temperatures; but they lack stability at high temperatures. They can achieve the highest energy density but have relatively poor high-temperature performance. They are the mainstream choice for pure electric vehicles requiring long ranges and are suitable for northern climates, as the batteries remain more stable in low temperatures.