What Are the Types of Automotive Turbocharging?
2 Answers
Types of automotive turbocharging: 1. Mechanical supercharging system: This device is installed on the engine and connected to the engine crankshaft via a belt. It derives power from the engine output shaft to drive the supercharger's rotor, thereby pressurizing air and blowing it into the intake manifold. 2. Pressure wave supercharging system: Utilizes the pulse pressure waves of high-pressure exhaust gases to force air compression. This system offers excellent supercharging performance and acceleration but is relatively bulky, making it less suitable for compact cars. 3. Exhaust gas turbocharging system: The turbocharger has no mechanical connection to the engine and essentially functions as an air compressor, increasing air intake by compressing air. 4. Compound supercharging system: Combines exhaust gas turbocharging and mechanical supercharging. This setup is more commonly used in high-power diesel engines, delivering substantial engine output power, low fuel consumption rates, and minimal noise. However, its complex structure, high technical requirements, and challenging maintenance make it difficult to popularize.
There are several common types of automotive turbocharging. The most common is single turbocharging, where a single turbocharger increases air intake, suitable for most family cars. For example, my Japanese car uses this type—it's cost-effective but sometimes suffers from turbo lag. Another type is the twin-turbo system, which may feature two turbos working in parallel or sequentially. Sequential turbos use a smaller turbo at low RPMs to reduce lag and switch to a larger turbo at high RPMs for enhanced performance, as seen in some German sports cars—offering quick power response but at a higher cost. Variable geometry turbocharging (VGT) is another type, where the turbo's vane angles are adjustable, automatically adapting airflow based on driving conditions to improve response and efficiency, commonly used in diesel models. Electric turbocharging is an emerging trend, incorporating an electric motor to assist rotation, enabling faster startup and minimal lag, making it suitable for eco-friendly and fuel-efficient models. When choosing a turbo for daily driving, consider your needs and budget. Single turbos are simpler to maintain, but don’t forget to regularly check the oil system to avoid clogs.
