What are the types of automotive engine oils?
4 Answers
Engine oils on the market can be simply divided into mineral oils and synthetic oils based on their base oil differences (vegetable oils are not considered due to their scarcity). Synthetic oils are further categorized into: full synthetic and semi-synthetic. Lubricant base oils are mainly classified into two major types: mineral base oils and synthetic base oils. Mineral base oils are widely used and account for a large volume (approximately over 95%), but some applications require products blended with synthetic base oils. Full synthetic engine oils must pass API SN, ACEA A3/B4, and more OEM certifications to be considered world-class top-tier engine oils. For example, CEPSA's full synthetic oil, which has passed these certifications, is designated for use in F1 racing by Red Bull Racing. Full synthetic oils that only pass API certification are considered ordinary full synthetic oils. Brands of full synthetic engine oils include: CEPSA, Mobil, Castrol, Total. Brands of semi-synthetic engine oils include: Mobil Super 2000, Castrol Magnetec.
Having been a car enthusiast for years, I can tell you that engine oils mainly fall into three categories: mineral oil, semi-synthetic oil, and full synthetic oil. Mineral oil is directly refined from crude oil, making it the most affordable option, suitable for drivers on a tight budget or with older vehicles. However, it doesn’t withstand high temperatures well and requires shorter change intervals. Semi-synthetic oil blends mineral and synthetic bases, striking a balance between performance and cost, making it practical for daily commuting. Full synthetic oil is chemically engineered, offering the most comprehensive engine protection and extending oil change intervals to over 10,000 kilometers, making it ideal for high-performance vehicles or cold climates. Additionally, oils are classified by viscosity using SAE grades, such as 5W-30, which indicates cold-start and high-temperature performance—always choose according to your vehicle’s manual. Oil quality also follows API standards like SN grade. Remember, don’t just focus on the brand; using the wrong oil can increase fuel consumption or damage the engine.
As someone who frequently commutes in the city, I've found that the choice of engine oil depends on your needs. Mineral oil is cheap and hassle-free, but offers less protection during high-speed driving or uphill climbs. Semi-synthetic oil is a middle-ground option, which I use for daily driving—it has a moderate oil change interval and manageable maintenance costs. Fully synthetic oil is more expensive, but it ensures quicker starts in winter, quieter engine operation, and reduces wear risks. Choosing the right oil also involves matching the SAE viscosity grade—my older car uses 10W-40, while the newer one uses 0W-20. Using the wrong oil can lead to higher fuel consumption or sluggish acceleration. Synthetic oils are more environmentally friendly, producing less pollution, but beware of counterfeit products—always check for the API certification label and stick to a regular oil change schedule.
As a beginner in car maintenance, engine oil types include mineral, semi-synthetic, and full synthetic. Mineral oil is cost-effective and suitable for simple driving; semi-synthetic offers good balance; full synthetic performs best under high-performance conditions. SAE viscosity grades like 5W-30 are crucial, with numbers indicating cold and hot performance. API classifications such as SP grade ensure quality. Don't overlook specific oils for diesel engines or the low-temperature advantages of synthetic oils.
