What are the two main pillars of the Toyota Production System?

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The two main pillars are Just-in-Time (JIT) production, which aims to thoroughly eliminate waste and reduce costs, and Jidoka (Autonomation). Below are the relevant introductions: Just-in-Time: Producing the required products in the required quantity and at the required time. It avoids holding excessive inventory and prevents customers from waiting. Through pull production by subsequent processes, it establishes management mechanisms like production takt time determined by necessary quantities to avoid overproduction, and flow production methods such as single-piece flow to keep inventory at a minimum, while visualizing and improving waste in human and management processes. Jidoka: The concept of 'automatically stopping or manually stopping the production line when defective products occur,' making abnormalities easily detectable. When defective products appear, it is not only considered an abnormality in product quality but also viewed as a deviation of human or equipment operations from standard conditions, necessitating a halt.