What are the three types of transmissions classified by operation method?
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Transmissions can be divided into three types based on operation method: stepped transmission, continuously variable transmission, and integrated transmission. Stepped transmission: The stepped transmission is the most widely used type. It employs gear transmission with several fixed gear ratios. Depending on the gear train type, there are two kinds: fixed-axis transmission (conventional transmission) and rotating-axis transmission (planetary gear transmission). Passenger cars and light/medium-duty trucks typically have 3-5 forward gears and one reverse gear, while combined transmissions for heavy-duty trucks have even more gears. The number of transmission gears refers specifically to the count of forward gears. Continuously variable transmission: The gear ratio of a continuously variable transmission can change infinitely within a certain numerical range. Common types include electric and hydraulic (hydrodynamic) versions. The transmission component of an electric continuously variable transmission is a DC series-wound motor, which is not only used in trolleybuses but is also increasingly adopted in ultra-heavy-duty dump truck drivetrains. The transmission component of a hydrodynamic continuously variable transmission is a torque converter. Integrated transmission: An integrated transmission refers to a hydromechanical transmission composed of a torque converter and a geared stepped transmission. Its gear ratio can make stepless changes within several discontinuous ranges between maximum and minimum values, and it sees extensive application.