What are the symptoms of a faulty oxygen sensor in the Passat Lingyu?

[McVincent]

Passat Lingyu oxygen sensor failure symptoms include oxygen sensor poisoning, carbon buildup, ceramic fracture of the oxygen sensor, heater resistance wire burnout, and internal wiring disconnection of the oxygen sensor. Hazards of oxygen sensor damage: The electronic fuel injection system's computer cannot obtain information about the oxygen concentration in the exhaust pipe, thus failing to provide feedback control for the air-fuel ratio. This leads to increased engine fuel consumption and exhaust pollution, as well as engine issues such as unstable idling, misfires, and surging. Function of the oxygen sensor: The sensor measures whether there is excess oxygen in the engine's exhaust after combustion, i.e., the oxygen content, and converts this information into a voltage signal transmitted to the engine computer. This enables the engine to achieve closed-loop control targeting the excess air factor, ensuring that the three-way catalytic converter maximizes the conversion efficiency of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust, thereby optimizing the conversion and purification of emission pollutants.