What are the symptoms of a faulty mass air flow sensor in a Mazda6?

[LaMia]

Mazda6 mass air flow sensor failure symptoms include unstable idling, weak acceleration, and black smoke emission. Below is relevant information about the function of an automotive mass air flow sensor: 1. Measuring engine air intake: Accurately measures the instantaneous air volume drawn into the engine. 2. Calculating fuel injection quantity: Uses the measured engine air intake data as the primary basis for ECU fuel injection calculations. 3. Volumetric measurement: Performs volumetric measurement of air flow in the passage, with instantaneous flow rate typically measured in cubic meters per hour and cumulative flow in cubic meters.