What are the structure and appearance of the Great Wall?

What is the difference between L1 and L2 levels?

The main differences between autonomous driving L1 and L2 are: L1 is assisted driving, which can only operate a very small number of vehicle functions; L2 is semi-autonomous driving, which can operate multiple vehicle functions, while the remaining few functions require the driver to operate. Detailed analysis is as follows: L1: The driver still needs to operate the vehicle, but safety systems such as ACC adaptive cruise control are available to assist the driver. Hands must remain on the steering wheel, and eyes must stay on the surrounding road conditions. For example, in high-end models of luxury brands like Volvo and Mercedes-Benz, functions such as adaptive cruise control, lane-keeping assist, and automatic braking fall under the L1 autonomous driving category. L2: The autonomous driving technology can briefly take over some driving tasks, allowing the eyes and hands to rest temporarily. However, the driver must still be prepared to take over the driving tasks at any moment. Functions such as full-speed adaptive cruise control, automatic parking, active lane-keeping, automatic lane-changing, and speed limit recognition are examples. Autonomous driving demand analysis The essence of autonomous driving technology is to use artificial intelligence to replace human labor in specific scenarios, improving work efficiency and reducing labor costs. Its underlying logic is similar to the "machine replacement" concept of industrial robots, which will have a profound impact on industries such as automotive travel, logistics, and indoor/outdoor commercial services. Thus, the direct economic value of autonomous driving technology lies in labor cost savings. All vehicles that do not require human operation can be classified under autonomous driving. Based on the openness of the scenario, driving speed (divided by a threshold of 20 km/h), and the objects being transported, autonomous driving applications can be categorized into multiple dimensions: open vs. closed, high-speed vs. low-speed, and passenger vs. cargo transport. High-speed, open-scenario autonomous driving technology is the most challenging and offers the greatest potential, attracting the top companies in the industry. However, commercialization and profitability remain distant goals. In contrast, autonomous driving applications in limited scenarios have lower technical barriers and faster commercialization processes. Fully mature autonomous driving models are rare, with Tesla being one of the few. Additionally, the market is divided into six driving modes: L0 (manual driving), L1 (assisted driving), L2 (partial autonomous driving), L3 (conditional autonomous driving), L4 (highly autonomous driving), and L5 (fully autonomous driving). Currently, the highest level available is L2 autonomous driving, and for safety reasons, human intervention is still required.

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Is a 7-speed dry dual-clutch transmission a manual transmission?

7-speed dry dual-clutch transmission is an automatic transmission. Here are detailed introductions about it: 1. Introduction one: Due to the fast shifting speed, small size and weight, and low energy consumption of dual-clutch transmissions, some high-performance cars adopt dual-clutch transmissions. 2. Introduction two: Dual-clutch transmissions do not have a torque converter. If they did, the clutch would slip, overheat, and cause unnecessary wear. 3. Introduction three: Both the manual-automatic transmission and the dual-clutch transmission are types of automatic transmissions. They are upgraded products for automatic transmission cars, making driving more comfortable and better adapted to various road conditions.

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How to downgrade from A1A2 to a lower license class after receiving 12 penalty points for driving a semi-trailer?

A1A2 driving license will be downgraded to A2A3 if more than 12 penalty points are accumulated. Below are relevant details about the downgrading process: 1. Cancellation of driving qualification: If the motor vehicle driver fails to complete the downgrade license replacement procedures within the specified time, the vehicle management office shall announce the cancellation of the driving qualification for the corresponding vehicle class. 2. Conditions for applying to upgrade: After completing the downgrade license replacement procedures, the motor vehicle driver must meet the following conditions to apply for reinstating the canceled vehicle class: no record of accumulating 12 penalty points in the current scoring cycle and the most recent scoring cycle before application, and no involvement in traffic accidents resulting in fatalities with equal or greater responsibility.

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What is the difference between API-SN and SP?

The differences between API-SN and SP are as follows: 1. Grade: SN is the second grade of gasoline engine oil, while SP is currently the highest grade of gasoline engine oil. 2. Oil film: The oil film of SN is relatively weak, while the oil film of SP is relatively strong. 3. Protection performance: The protection performance of SN is average, while the protection performance of SP is relatively strong. Here is some extended information about the specific introduction of engine oil quality grades: 1. API grade: API is the abbreviation of the American Petroleum Institute, and the API grade represents the quality grade of engine oil. 2. Engine oil level: SP-grade engine oil, as the highest grade of engine oil, is generally classified as fully synthetic oil. Semi-synthetic oil is mainly of SL and SM grades, and there are also SN grades.

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Is it correct that ABS shortens braking distance?

Incorrect. ABS stands for Anti-lock Braking System, which prevents the wheels from locking up during emergency braking, thereby avoiding loss of steering control and potential hazards. Essentially, ABS achieves this by intermittently applying and releasing the brakes—tightening, releasing, tightening again, and releasing again. This allows the vehicle to maintain steering control during emergency braking, enabling the driver to avoid obstacles and reduce risks. Consequently, ABS tends to increase the braking distance. Here are some related details: 1. Single-channel ABS: Single-channel ABS typically controls both rear wheels based on the low-select principle. It does not fully utilize the grip of both rear wheels, so the braking distance may not be significantly reduced. 2. Wide application: Additionally, since the front wheels are not controlled, they may still lock up during braking, which does not improve steering control. However, the rear wheels will not lock up, significantly enhancing directional stability during braking—a major safety advantage. Due to its simple structure and low cost, single-channel ABS is widely used in light trucks.

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Can I roll down the windows 48 hours after tinting in summer?

It is best not to roll down the windows within 48 hours after tinting in summer. Precautions after car window tinting: 1. Side windows: Do not roll down the side windows for 7 days. 2. Cleaning: Do not vigorously clean the inside of the glass, and avoid directing air conditioning (both cold and warm air) at the glass. 3. Equipment: Do not attach suction cups or other devices to tinted windows. 4. Defroster lines: Do not activate the rear window's electric heating defroster lines for one month after rear window tinting. 5. Inspection stickers: When replacing the annual inspection sticker on the windshield, do not stick it directly onto the tinted film.

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What are the structure and appearance of the Great Wall?

What is the difference between L1 and L2 levels?

Is a 7-speed dry dual-clutch transmission a manual transmission?

How to downgrade from A1A2 to a lower license class after receiving 12 penalty points for driving a semi-trailer?

What is the difference between API-SN and SP?

Is it correct that ABS shortens braking distance?

Can I roll down the windows 48 hours after tinting in summer?

How many points will be deducted for overloading a 7-seater minibus with 2 extra passengers?

What is an A1D driver's license?

What Causes the Jerking Motion of CVT at Low Speeds?

What is the function of the supercharger bypass valve?