What are the methods for charging a car battery?

[EllaFitz]

There are several methods for charging a car battery: constant current charging, constant voltage charging, and pulse charging. Pulse charging uses a larger current, resulting in faster charging speed, but the charging current fluctuates with grid voltage variations. Constant current charging employs a relatively small current to prevent excessive temperature rise inside the battery and significant electrolyte loss, thus requiring a longer charging time. To avoid battery damage due to overcharging, additional overcharge detection or timing circuits are necessary. Constant voltage charging is safe as long as the charging voltage remains below the upper limit, posing no danger even with prolonged charging. If needed, the battery can also operate in a float charging state.