What are the main components of an automatic transmission?
3 Answers
The main components of an automatic transmission include: torque converter, planetary gear transmission mechanism, hydraulic control system, and oil filtration device. An automatic transmission, also known as an automatic gearbox, is generally a type of automotive transmission that can automatically change gear ratios while the vehicle is in motion, allowing the driver to avoid manual gear shifting. It is also used in large equipment such as railway locomotives. The automatic transmission is a device that can automatically shift gears based on the vehicle's speed and engine RPM, as opposed to a manual transmission. Currently, there are four common types of automotive automatic transmissions: hydraulic automatic transmission (AT), continuously variable transmission (CVT), automated manual transmission (AMT), and dual-clutch transmission (DCT).
The core components of an automatic transmission include several key parts. The torque converter is the most critical, as it uses hydraulic fluid to transfer power, replacing the clutch found in manual transmissions. The planetary gear set functions like a precision Rubik's cube, achieving multiple gears by combining different gear rings. The hydraulic system controls oil pressure, featuring an oil pump and various valves that use oil to actuate pistons for gear shifts. The electronic control unit acts as the brain of the transmission, determining when to shift up or down based on vehicle speed and throttle input. The housing encases all these components and includes a cooling system to prevent overheating. These parts work together seamlessly, allowing automatic gear shifts when you press the accelerator. However, with more components comes higher repair costs, so it's important to regularly change the transmission fluid to maintain performance.
Ordinary car owners can actually give a rough explanation. It mainly involves the torque converter, which transmits power through rotating fluid; several sets of planetary gears handle different gear ratios; the valve body in the hydraulic system is like a water pipe network, where the oil pump pressurizes to facilitate gear shifting; the electronic control module monitors data in real-time to make decisions; there's also the transmission casing and radiator. Last time at the 4S shop, I heard the technician say that most automatic transmissions now use this structure, with Toyota and Volkswagen having slightly different logic. For daily use, avoid frequently flooring the accelerator for sudden acceleration, as it can easily burn out the solenoid valve, and repairs for that can cost five figures.
