What are the levels of autonomous driving?
2 Answers
Autonomous driving levels include L0 (no automation), L1 (driver assistance), L2 (partial automation), L3 (conditional automation), L4 (high automation), and L5 (full automation). Below is an introduction to autonomous driving-related content: Introduction: Autonomous vehicles (also known as driverless cars, computer-driven cars, or wheeled mobile robots) are intelligent vehicles that achieve unmanned driving through computer systems. They have a history of several decades in the 20th century and began showing trends toward practical application in the early 21st century. Limitations: The vehicle speed must not exceed a certain value, and the driving area is relatively fixed. Generally, they rely on real-time updated road information data to support real-world scenarios such as automatic pick-up and return of vehicles, automatic convoy cruising, and automatic obstacle avoidance.
I previously specialized in researching the classification system for autonomous driving, which internationally follows a 6-level standard. L0 represents full manual operation where all functions require driver control. L1 already enables single-function assistance, such as basic aids like cruise control. L2 is more practical, featuring combined functions like lane keeping and adaptive cruise control that can temporarily free both feet - many new family cars now come with this as standard. L3 qualifies as conditional automation, allowing full delegation on specific routes like highways, though drivers must remain ready to take over. L4 is impressive, enabling full automation within geofenced areas where even steering wheels become optional - some campuses are already trialing this. The highest level L5 promises all-weather, all-terrain capability equivalent to robotic drivers, though this remains in the technological breakthrough phase. This classification primarily depends on the vehicle's automation level and human intervention requirements.
