What are the general materials for brake pads?

[LaCalvin]

Brake pad materials are generally asbestos, semi-metallic, low-metallic, NAO formulation, ceramic, and high-carbon fiber. The following are the components of brake pads: 1. Steel plate. 2. Bonded heat insulation layer made of non-heat-conducting materials. 3. Friction block composed of friction materials and adhesives. Below is extended information on the main functions of the braking system: 1. Ensuring the vehicle can decelerate and stop as required by the driver during operation. 2. Ensuring reliable parking of the vehicle. 3. Safeguarding the safety of the vehicle and the driver. 4. Transmitting the generated braking effect to the wheel brake through the brake pump and brake lines.

[Gael]

There are quite a few common brake pad materials I've come across. Semi-metallic ones are the most prevalent, mainly made from compressed metal powders like iron, copper, or graphite. They're affordable and highly wear-resistant, offering decent braking performance while driving. However, the downside is they tend to generate noise and produce more dust. Ceramic materials are quite popular now, especially in sports cars or electric vehicles like Teslas. Composed of ceramic fibers and silicon compounds, they maintain stable friction coefficients without fading, have excellent heat management to prevent overheating, and provide consistent braking distance control. The key advantage is they produce minimal dust, keeping things clean, though they're significantly more expensive at over a thousand yuan per set. Organic materials, such as those made from asbestos or Kevlar fibers, are quieter and more environmentally friendly, causing less wear to brake discs, making them suitable for urban stop-and-go traffic. However, their lifespan is shorter, possibly requiring replacement every year. Fully metallic pads are used in trucks or heavy-duty vehicles—they're impact-resistant but noisy. I think the choice depends on your driving style; for instance, ceramic pads are ideal for frequent highway driving, offering worry-free durability.

[OTalia]

Brake pad materials can be categorized into several types based on performance. Semi-metallic pads mix metal and bonding agents, offering good grip on slippery roads but may squeak during cold starts, and they produce more dust, dirtying the wheel hubs easily. Ceramic materials are high-temperature sintered composites with minimal heat fade and no slipping under high temperatures, providing linear and stable braking with almost zero dust emissions. I've tested them in rain and snow, and they perform accurately, though they cost about twice as much, making replacements more expensive. Organic materials, like resin or fiber-based pads, are quiet and comfortable, offering smooth braking at low speeds without noise, but they have poor heat dissipation during hard braking and wear out faster, lasting about two years. Full-metal pads, such as cast iron, are hard but prone to rust and noise. Overall, I recommend semi-metallic pads for regular family cars for a balanced cost-performance ratio, ceramic for high-performance vehicles, and organic for those prioritizing quietness and eco-friendliness. Each material suits specific scenarios—don’t just focus on price while overlooking safety.

[Landon]

My research on brake pad materials reveals that the core lies in composition control for friction heat management. Semi-metallic materials typically contain 70% metal shavings like copper and iron, providing high friction coefficients for abrupt stops but generating more noise and dust. Ceramic materials, composed of 30% ceramic fibers along with other inorganic compounds, offer wear resistance, high-temperature tolerance, and rapid heat dissipation during braking, ensuring more stable performance—especially on mountain roads with sharp turns. Organic materials such as cellulose or Kevlar can reduce vibration and noise, making them suitable for frequent urban stop-and-go driving, though their performance degrades at excessively high temperatures. When selecting, it's crucial to match the material to your vehicle's needs—for instance, SUVs often use semi-metallic pads to support heavy loads, while electric vehicles frequently opt for ceramic options for efficiency and energy savings. Improper material selection may shorten brake disc lifespan or even pose safety hazards.