What Are the Four Key Technologies of Autonomous Driving?
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Autonomous driving relies on four key technologies: perception technology, decision-making technology, path planning, and motion control. Perception Technology: As the first step, environmental perception involves the collection and processing of environmental and in-vehicle information, serving as the foundation and prerequisite for autonomous vehicle operation. Acquiring surrounding environmental information involves technologies such as road boundary detection, vehicle detection, and pedestrian detection. This typically utilizes sensors like laser rangefinders, video cameras, vehicle-mounted radar, and speed and acceleration sensors. Decision-Making Technology: After completing the perception phase, the next step is to make decisions based on the information obtained from the perception system. This involves determining the appropriate operational model and formulating corresponding control strategies. This function is akin to assigning specific tasks to the vehicle. Path Planning: Once the vehicle has a driving task, path planning involves processing environmental information to determine the vehicle's position and then using specific search algorithms to identify a viable path, thereby enabling autonomous navigation. Motion Control: Motion control includes lateral and longitudinal control. Simply put, lateral control refers to steering control, while longitudinal control pertains to speed control. Current research focuses more on lateral control, employing methods such as sliding mode control, fuzzy control, neural network control, optimal control, adaptive control, and tracking control.
