What are the effects of refueling without turning off the engine?

[Aragorn]

The effects of refueling without turning off the engine are: 1. It poses a safety hazard, as short circuits or sparks may occur, which can easily cause a fire; 2. It generates a large amount of heat that is difficult to dissipate, and the sparks produced by the running engine may ignite and explode the fuel; 3. The exhaust gases may contain sparks that mix with gasoline molecules in the air and ignite, leading to a fire. Precautions to take when refueling include: 1. Do not use communication devices; 2. No smoking; 3. Avoid refueling when the low fuel warning light is on; 4. Do not fill the tank completely; 5. Avoid refueling during thunderstorms; 6. Do not re-enter the vehicle while refueling.