What are the effects of engine overheating on the engine?

[StAddyson]

Engine overheating has the following effects on the engine: Insufficient engine power: When the engine temperature is too high, the temperature of the air entering the engine also rises, resulting in a reduced actual air intake. This lowers the engine's volumetric efficiency, causing a decrease in both power and torque, manifesting as insufficient engine power. Engine knocking: When the engine temperature is excessively high, the combustion chamber's internal temperature becomes very high, easily reaching the ignition point of gasoline and igniting the air-fuel mixture prematurely, leading to engine knocking. This causes strong engine impacts and vibrations, subjecting components to additional shock loads and resulting in premature damage. Increased wear: The pistons may expand excessively, reducing or even eliminating the clearance between the pistons and cylinder walls. This increases the resistance to piston movement and may even cause scoring on the pistons and cylinder walls. The normal clearances of other moving parts are also disrupted, leading to accelerated wear and even damage.