What are the differences between Toyota's NiMH and lithium batteries?
3 Answers
NiMH batteries and lithium batteries differ in the following aspects: 1. Different cell voltages: Lithium-ion batteries have a voltage of 3.7-4.2V, while NiMH batteries only have 1.2V. The capacity of a single lithium-ion battery is equivalent to three NiMH batteries connected in series. 2. Different charging speeds: Due to the active nature of lithium ions, they move faster inside the battery, allowing for higher charging currents and faster charging speeds. A single lithium-ion battery can be fully charged in about 3 hours, whereas NiMH batteries charge much more slowly, taking roughly a day to fully charge. 3. Different energy densities: Lithium-ion batteries have a high energy density, with electric vehicle power batteries already achieving over 160Wh/kg. NiMH batteries have a lower energy density, ranging only from 40 to 70Wh/kg. Therefore, for the same volume, lithium-ion batteries have a larger capacity than NiMH batteries. 4. Different memory effects: Lithium-ion batteries have no memory effect and can be charged at any time. NiMH batteries have a certain memory effect, so it is best to fully discharge and charge them during normal use to avoid affecting battery capacity.
The differences between Toyota's nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries and lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are quite significant. As someone who frequently researches new energy vehicles, I've found that the biggest advantage of NiMH batteries is their rugged durability and stable performance under extreme temperatures, along with lower costs, which is why they were widely used in older hybrid models. However, they are bulky and heavy—weighing more than twice as much as Li-ion batteries for the same capacity—and have lower energy density, meaning poorer energy storage and weaker pure-electric range. Li-ion batteries are the opposite: lightweight, compact, and capable of storing more energy, making them essential for plug-in hybrids and pure electric vehicles to achieve longer ranges. The downside is they cost two to three times more and require sophisticated temperature control systems to prevent overheating. Currently, conventional hybrids like the Prius continue to use NiMH batteries, while premium models like the RAV4 Prime (plug-in hybrid) have switched to Li-ion batteries—essentially a matter of allocating resources based on needs.
As an owner who has driven a hybrid vehicle for eight years, I feel the differences between these two types of batteries are directly reflected in daily driving. Although nickel-metal hydride batteries are older in technology, they are extremely durable. Whether it's scorching summer heat or sub-zero winter temperatures, they don't affect startup. My car has driven 150,000 kilometers without needing a battery replacement. As for lithium batteries, my friend's plug-in hybrid does have a much longer range, capable of running 60 kilometers on a full charge, but last month he spent over 40,000 yuan replacing the battery. Additionally, lithium batteries show more noticeable degradation, with a 10% reduction in capacity after three years, while my nickel-metal hydride battery still retains 80% of its original capacity. Toyota's arrangement is actually quite wise—using nickel-metal hydride for regular hybrids saves money and hassle, while lithium batteries are for those pursuing a pure electric experience.
