What are the differences between off-road vehicles and SUVs?

[McCalvin]

Here are the differences between off-road vehicles and SUVs: 1. Different body structures. SUVs use a unibody construction similar to sedans, while off-road vehicles employ a body-on-frame design. Body-on-frame vehicles have a rigid chassis frame, also known as a ladder frame. The vehicle body is suspended on this frame and connected via elastic components. This frame is typically rectangular or trapezoidal, positioned at the bottom of the vehicle to provide exceptional rigidity. In off-road conditions, it offers better protection for the vehicle structure and occupants, as well as greater load-bearing capacity. Unibody construction is a type of automotive chassis where the body itself bears the load, transferring it to the wheels through suspension components. This design is widely used in sedans due to lower costs, lighter weight, lower body height, suitability for highway driving, and providing a lower center of gravity and better fuel efficiency. 2. Different suspension systems. SUVs generally use MacPherson strut suspension, while off-road vehicles often feature double-wishbone independent suspension or solid axle suspension. MacPherson strut is the mainstream suspension system for sedans and SUVs, primarily composed of a coil spring, shock absorber, and lower control arm, with most models also including a stabilizer bar. The MacPherson strut is simple in structure, making it lightweight and responsive. Its geometric configuration of a single lower control arm and strut allows automatic adjustment of wheel camber during cornering, adapting to road surfaces and maximizing tire contact area. Off-road vehicles' double-wishbone independent suspension features upper and lower control arms that simultaneously absorb lateral forces, with the strut only supporting vehicle weight, resulting in excellent lateral stiffness. It adapts well to road surfaces, provides large tire contact area, superior road holding, and clear road feedback, making it outstanding for dynamic performance.