What are the differences between China V and China VI vehicle emission standards?

[Rosa]

The distinction between China V and China VI vehicle emission standards can be identified by the letters on the rear of the vehicle. China V is denoted by 'V', while China VI is denoted by 'VI'. The differences between the two are as follows: Different emission standards: China VI's emission standards are more than 30% stricter than China V. Excluding the influence of driving conditions and testing, gasoline vehicles under China VI must reduce carbon monoxide emissions by 50%, total hydrocarbons and non-methane hydrocarbons by 50%, and nitrogen oxide emissions by 42%. Different implementation times: The China V standard was implemented nationwide on January 1, 2017, as the fifth phase of national motor vehicle emission standards. The China VI standard has been in effect since July 1, 2019. Different principles: Under China V, diesel and gasoline vehicles had different emission standards, but China VI adopts a fuel-neutral principle, meaning the emission limits are the same regardless of the fuel type. Different issuing authorities: The China V standard was issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, while the China VI standard was jointly issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine. Different letter representations: China V is represented by 'V', while China VI is represented by 'VI'. Different monitoring requirements for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs): Compared to China V, China VI has enhanced monitoring requirements for PHEVs, including energy storage systems, thermal management systems, brake regeneration, drive motors, generators, and other regulatory aspects. China V emission limits are as follows: Gasoline vehicles must not emit more than 1,000 milligrams of carbon monoxide per kilometer driven. They must not emit more than 68 milligrams of non-methane hydrocarbons, 60 milligrams of nitrogen oxides, or 4.5 milligrams of PM (particulate matter) per kilometer driven. China VI has two sub-standards: China VIa and China VIb, with the following limits: China VIa limits: Gasoline vehicles must not emit more than 700 milligrams of carbon monoxide per kilometer driven. They must not emit more than 68 milligrams of non-methane hydrocarbons, 60 milligrams of nitrogen oxides, or 4.5 milligrams of PM per kilometer driven. China VIb limits: Gasoline vehicles must not emit more than 500 milligrams of carbon monoxide per kilometer driven. They must not emit more than 35 milligrams of non-methane hydrocarbons, 35 milligrams of nitrogen oxides, or 3 milligrams of PM per kilometer driven. Affected by the China VI emission policy, although China V vehicles can still be used normally without travel restrictions, their resale value is significantly impacted. For truck owners, if they purchase a truck on loan for freight transport, the depreciation of the vehicle after repaying the loan equates to their net profit during that period. A higher residual value means more profit for the owner. Therefore, from this perspective, China VI vehicles, with their longer service life and greater road rights, offer more advantages.