What are the core technologies of new energy vehicles?
4 Answers
The core technologies of new energy vehicles mainly refer to the battery, motor, and electronic control, commonly known as the "three electric" systems. Here is more information about new energy vehicles: 1. Introduction: New energy vehicles refer to vehicles that use unconventional fuels as power sources. They can be divided into four main types: pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, and other new energy electric vehicles. The main advantage they offer is zero tailpipe emissions. 2. New energy vehicle license plates: Small new energy vehicle license plates feature a gradient green color, while large new energy vehicle license plates are yellow-green dual-colored. Compared to traditional vehicle license plates, new energy vehicle license plates have one additional digit, which helps effectively distinguish them and avoid duplication.
As a user who has deeply experienced several new energy vehicles, the core boils down to three points: battery, motor, and electronic control. The battery manages energy storage, just like a car's fuel tank, with lithium-ion batteries being the most popular now—their energy density determines how far you can go. The motor is equivalent to an engine, converting electricity into power; permanent magnet synchronous motors are quiet and efficient, which is what gives Tesla its acceleration. The electronic control system is the smartest, managing discharge and charging, and includes energy recovery functions that can recharge the battery when braking downhill. Coupled with battery thermal management, using the heater in winter won't cause the range to plummet. Getting these aspects right makes a car reliable. Fast-charging technology is also crucial, with 800V high-voltage platforms enabling a 200-kilometer range after just 5 minutes of charging.
After chatting with a friend who researches automotive technology, I learned that the core of new energy vehicles is actually the 'three-electric' system plus intelligent features. Battery technology is the most critical, such as CATL's Qilin battery and BYD's Blade battery - the higher the energy density, the stronger the range. Motors need to be lightweight and efficient, with some vehicles using dual-motor four-wheel drive for fast acceleration and low energy consumption. The electronic control system is becoming increasingly intelligent, with BMS (Battery Management System) able to accurately calculate battery levels and prevent over-discharge. The intelligent aspect could be considered a hidden core - autonomous driving computing platforms rely on vehicle power distribution, while OTA updates can optimize energy management. Details like heat pump air conditioning and waste heat recovery systems also improve efficiency.
Attending a recent industry forum made me realize that the core technology competition in new energy vehicles lies in the battery and charging sectors. Batteries need to break through solid-state battery technology, replacing flammable liquids with solid electrolytes, which can double energy density. In terms of charging, ultra-fast charging is the trend, with Tesla's V4 supercharger replenishing 60% of energy in 15 minutes. The higher the integration level of the electric drive system, the better—now, three-in-one motors integrate the reducer and controller. Lightweight technology saves electricity by reducing weight, such as carbon-aluminum hybrid bodies. Additionally, the efficiency of the kinetic energy recovery system is crucial; releasing the accelerator can recover 20% of the energy, equivalent to free charging.
