What are the core components of electric vehicles?
1 Answers
The core components of electric vehicles are as follows: 1. Electric motor: Unlike traditional energy vehicles, the core of electric vehicles lies in the three-electric technologies, namely the electric motor, battery, and electric control technology. Currently, electric vehicles use several types of drive motors, including DC motors, AC induction motors, permanent magnet brushless DC motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors, and switched reluctance motors. The U.S. 2025 motor development roadmap is shown in Table 1, which aims to improve motor efficiency by increasing the grade of high-silicon steel sheets to reduce iron losses in the medium-high speed range and by using hairpin winding processes to reduce copper losses, among other methods. 2. Battery: The battery technology of pure electric vehicles is their core competitive advantage. In recent years, China's demand for power batteries has experienced explosive growth. Currently, power batteries are mainly divided into three major systems: ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, and lithium manganese iron phosphate batteries. Among these, lithium iron phosphate batteries and lithium manganese iron phosphate batteries, with their lower prices and stable performance, are widely used in electric buses, and their market share is showing an upward trend. Another classification method divides batteries into prismatic cells, pouch cells, and cylindrical cells. Prismatic cells hold an overwhelming advantage in the overall market, dominating both the new energy passenger vehicle and pure electric bus markets. Pouch cells are mainly used in the plug-in bus market, while cylindrical cells are largely limited to certain pure electric passenger vehicles and are more commonly used in pure electric specialty vehicles. 3. Battery management system: The battery management system is closely integrated with the power battery, monitoring various battery indicators, controlling output, and enabling communication with other systems. With advancements in electronic and computer technologies, automotive electric control technology has seen significant development, particularly in control precision, control range, intelligence, and connectivity. Automotive electronic control technology is a benchmark for measuring the advancement level of vehicles. Integrated controllers with high integration, reliability, and safety not only benefit the overall layout of electric vehicles but also contribute to their lightweight and standardization, as well as the real-time performance and reliability of information transmission. Additionally, integrated controllers reduce conduction interference, further lower the vehicle failure rate, enhance overall vehicle safety, significantly reduce the cost of electric vehicles, and promote the commercialization of the electric vehicle market.
