What are the components of vehicle exhaust emissions?

[McBella]

Vehicle exhaust emission standards in China comply with the National IV Standard. Below are the harmful substances in vehicle exhaust and their hazards: Harmful substances in vehicle exhaust: Vehicle exhaust contains hundreds of different compounds, including pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), lead (Pb), and sulfur oxides (SOx). Hazards of vehicle exhaust: While directly harming human health, exhaust emissions also have profound impacts on the environment. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) in exhaust has a strong irritating odor and can lead to "acid rain" when reaching certain concentrations, causing soil and water acidification and affecting crop and forest growth.

[DeAbel]

Vehicle exhaust emissions contain several components. Firstly, there's carbon dioxide, primarily produced from burning gasoline or diesel, which significantly contributes to global warming. Then there's carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas that can cause poisoning if inhaled in large quantities, with emissions peaking during traffic jams. Nitrogen oxides are also quite common, especially from older vehicles, and they exacerbate smog and acid rain problems. Additionally, hydrocarbon emissions are substantial, resulting from unburned gasoline leaks, which easily form foul odors. Lastly, there are particulate matters, as fine as soot, that can penetrate human respiratory systems and cause diseases. Personally, I'm quite concerned about environmental protection and drive an energy-efficient car to reduce emissions. I recommend regular vehicle inspections to ensure the exhaust system has no leaks, thereby minimizing urban pollution.

[AdelynDella]

From the perspective of how cars work, there are several main types of exhaust emissions: Carbon monoxide comes from incomplete fuel combustion and is particularly high during cold starts; Hydrocarbons are caused by engine inefficiency and leakage, which older vehicles are prone to; Nitrogen oxides are produced during high-temperature combustion, especially spiking during rapid acceleration; Additionally, particulate matter like soot forms from engine deposits and is more severe in older models. Having driven for many years, I've noticed these issues, but modern vehicles generally have catalytic converters that can transform pollutants into harmless substances. Regular car maintenance, such as changing the engine oil and air filters, can also help reduce emissions.

[LeMaverick]

Vehicle exhaust emissions include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter, which sounds like a lot. As a driver, I often smell exhaust fumes when stuck in traffic in the city. On sunny days, it's fine, but on smoggy days, I worry about breathing difficulties. Remember, driving an electric vehicle can significantly reduce these emissions because there's no exhaust pipe—it runs directly on electricity, making it worry-free and clean.