What are the components of new energy vehicles?
4 Answers
New energy vehicles are composed of the following components: Electric drive system: Includes electronic controller, power converter, electric motor, mechanical transmission device, and wheels; Power system: Includes power source, energy management system, and charger; Auxiliary system: Includes auxiliary power source, power steering system, navigation system, air conditioner, lighting and defrosting devices, wipers, and radio. Pure electric vehicles: Pure electric vehicles are vehicles that use a single battery as the energy storage power source. They utilize the battery as the energy storage power source, providing electrical energy to the electric motor through the battery, which drives the motor to operate and thus propels the vehicle. The rechargeable batteries used in pure electric vehicles mainly include lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and lithium-ion batteries, which provide power for the vehicle. At the same time, pure electric vehicles also store electrical energy through the battery to drive the motor and ensure normal vehicle operation. Hybrid electric vehicles: Hybrid electric vehicles have a main drive system composed of at least two individual drive systems that can operate simultaneously. The driving power of hybrid electric vehicles mainly depends on the vehicle's driving state: one is provided by a single drive system alone, and the second is provided jointly by multiple drive systems.
After studying new energy vehicles, I found they mainly consist of several key components. The heart is the power battery pack, that large battery under the chassis - think of it as the fuel tank in traditional cars but storing electricity instead. The electric motor serves as the engine, directly driving the wheels and operating whisper-quiet when you press the accelerator. The electronic control system acts as the brain, managing current distribution and energy recovery. Don't forget the charging port and onboard charger, handling both fast and slow charging. Even the air conditioning system runs on high-voltage electricity, with heating no longer relying on engine waste heat. The chassis also hides the reducer and energy recovery system, capable of regenerating about 10% charge during braking. Oh, and nowadays most vehicles come with protective steel plates underneath to shield the battery from scrapes.
Having driven Teslas and disassembled BYDs, the components of new energy vehicles are actually quite interesting. The most expensive part is undoubtedly the battery pack, with mainstream options being ternary lithium or lithium iron phosphate, often boasting capacities of tens of kilowatt-hours. The drive motors come in two types: permanent magnet and induction, with some vehicles featuring one on each axle for all-wheel drive. The energy recovery system is particularly crucial, as you can distinctly feel the deceleration drag when lifting off the accelerator. The thermal management system is even more complex, requiring the battery to maintain an optimal temperature around 25 degrees Celsius, necessitating liquid cooling in summer and heating in winter. Both steering and braking have been converted to electronic control, and even the air conditioning compressor is directly driven by high-voltage electricity, which is why using the heater in winter consumes so much power.
After five years of working on new energy vehicles, the core boils down to four parts. The three-electric system is the foundation: the battery supplies energy, the motor converts power, and the electronic control unit orchestrates everything. The onboard charger converts AC to DC to charge the battery, while DC fast-charging stations directly pump electricity in. The thermal management system wraps the battery with coolant pipes and can even heat the battery in winter. The high-voltage distribution box is responsible for allocating current, while the low-voltage system uses a 12V battery to control the infotainment system. During braking, the motor reverses to generate electricity and recover energy, saving 15% more power than traditional vehicles. When modifying, the most dangerous thing is tampering with the orange high-voltage cables—those carry 600 volts.
