What are the components of engine oil?
2 Answers
The components of engine oil are base oil and additives. Base oil is the main component of lubricating oil, determining its fundamental properties. Additives can compensate for and improve the deficiencies in the performance of the base oil, imparting certain new characteristics, making them an important part of lubricating oil. The functions of engine oil are: 1. To separate the surfaces of relatively sliding parts, thereby reducing wear; 2. To carry heat back to the oil tank and then dissipate it into the air, helping the radiator cool the engine; 3. To circulate carbon deposits, sludge, and worn metal particles from engine parts back to the oil tank, and to flush away dirt generated on the working surfaces of parts through the flow of the lubricating oil.
I particularly enjoy delving into the composition of engine oil. Engine oil primarily consists of two main components: the base oil, which is like the core of the oil, typically being mineral oil, synthetic oil, or semi-synthetic oil. Mineral oil is derived from the refining of natural crude oil, while synthetic oil is laboratory-made, offering more stable performance and better resistance to high temperatures. The other component is the additive package, which is added like seasoning. For example, detergents prevent carbon buildup in the engine; dispersants keep impurities suspended to avoid clogging; anti-wear agents reduce friction between parts, extending engine life; and antioxidants prevent the oil from aging too quickly, while pour point depressants ensure smooth flow even in winter. Different types of engine oils have varying proportions of these components, so I recommend choosing synthetic or semi-synthetic oil based on your vehicle’s manual, as it offers better protection and fuel efficiency. Regular oil changes are crucial.
