What are the components of an electronically controlled fuel injection system?
3 Answers
An electronically controlled fuel injection system consists of the following three subsystems: the fuel supply system, the intake system, and the electronic control system. 1. Fuel Supply System: The fuel supply system is composed of the fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, pressure regulator, pulsation damper, fuel injector, as well as fuel supply lines and return lines (travel car rental). 2. Intake System: The intake system includes the air filter, throttle valve, air flow meter, intake chamber, idle control valve, and intake control valve. The functions of the fuel supply system and intake system are to mix the fuel injection quantity and intake air quantity determined by the ECM/ECU based on the throttle position (engine load) and engine speed into a combustible mixture, which enters the cylinder for combustion and power generation. 3. Electronic Control System: The electronic control system consists of several sensors that detect various engine conditions, an ECU that determines the fuel injection quantity based on sensor signals, and fuel injectors that operate according to ECU commands. Its main function is to determine the optimal fuel injection timing and duration based on different engine operating conditions.
The structure of the electronic fuel injection system isn't too complex in my opinion. Let's start with the basics. There's a computer called the ECU, which acts as the command center in the car, similar to the human brain. Then there are several sensors, like the air flow sensor that measures how much air is entering, the throttle position sensor that checks how deep the accelerator is pressed, and the oxygen sensor that monitors the oxygen content in the exhaust gases. All these send real-time data to the ECU. Next comes the execution part—the fuel injectors spray fuel into the cylinders upon receiving commands from the ECU. The fuel system is also essential, with the fuel pump drawing and pressurizing fuel from the tank, sending it to the fuel rail—a pipe on the engine that distributes fuel to each injector. The whole setup ensures precise fuel delivery, making the car run smoothly and efficiently. If the oxygen sensor fails, the car might emit black smoke or consume more fuel, so regular maintenance can prevent such issues.
Over the years of car enthusiasm, I've become quite familiar with the structure of electronically controlled fuel injection systems. It consists of three core components: input sensors like the air flow meter, coolant temperature sensor, and throttle position sensor; the central processing unit ECU that handles data; and the output actuator which is the fuel injector itself. The fuel supply system includes the fuel pump delivering fuel from the tank to the fuel rail, where the injectors are mounted to spray fuel. The ECU uses sensor feedback to optimize fuel injection quantity and timing, improving combustion efficiency. I regularly inspect these components - for instance, injectors often get clogged, but a simple cleaning can restore power. The entire design is far more intelligent than old carburetors, with much better fuel consumption control.
