What are the components of a torque converter?
2 Answers
A torque converter mainly consists of components such as the pump impeller, turbine, stator, and torque converter housing. It is a type of hydraulic transmission component, differing from a hydraulic coupling by the addition of a stator. The torque converter not only transmits torque from the engine but can also multiply the torque before delivering it to the transmission. From the moment the engine ignites, the torque converter begins to rotate. The connection and interruption of power are still managed by the clutch inside the gearbox. The only similarity between a torque converter and an MT clutch is the soft connection characteristic of the torque converter, which is similar to the semi-engaged condition of an MT clutch.
As someone who frequently disassembles automatic transmissions, I've seen all kinds of torque converters. At its core are three impellers: the pump directly connected to the engine shaft, the turbine linked to the transmission input shaft, and a stationary stator sandwiched in between. The entire structure is sealed in a housing filled with transmission fluid, functioning like a hydraulic turbine. When you press the accelerator, the engine rotates the pump, flinging fluid toward the turbine blades via centrifugal force, which then drives the turbine to transmit power. The stator blades are specially angled to increase the impact force when the fluid returns to the pump—this is the secret behind torque multiplication. Modern vehicles also incorporate a lock-up clutch between the pump and turbine; at steady speeds, it clicks into place to create a direct mechanical connection, saving significant fuel. This hydraulic transmission system is much smoother than a clutch, especially noticeable during stop-and-go traffic.
