What are the causes of frame deformation?

[McKarter]

Frame deformation is caused by: 1. The vertical impact load on the frame caused by driving on uneven road surfaces exceeds the allowable stress of the frame. When the vehicle is going uphill, downhill, turning, or unevenly loaded, it can also cause local overload of the frame, leading to frame fracture; 2. When the vehicle is moving, one side of the front wheels encounters significant resistance, making the frame prone to diagonal plane deformation; 3. The vehicle is involved in a collision accident; 4. The frame design or auxiliary devices cause local torque, resulting in frame fracture. Frame deformation refers to the frame changing its original geometric shape, causing the relative positions of various assemblies and parts installed on the frame to shift, deteriorating the vehicle's technical condition and preventing normal operation. Frame deformation often occurs when the force acting on the frame exceeds its elastic limit. After the force is removed, the frame cannot return to its original shape, resulting in residual deformation.