What are the BMW hybrid electric vehicles?

What does the term 'permissible towing mass' mean?

Permissible towing mass refers to the combined weight of the trailer and the cargo being hauled. It is a theoretical value, also known as the 'nominal towing capacity.' The total mass includes both the vehicle and the towed object, meaning the vehicle's weight plus the weight of the towed object, with the towing force applied to this total mass. Therefore, when calculating the total towing mass tonnage, the weight of the towed object should not be considered solely as the nominal towing capacity. Notes on permissible towing mass: 1. Total mass on the driver's license: Refers to the vehicle's curb weight + approved passenger capacity + approved passenger weight (number of passengers in the cabin × average weight of 65 kg per person). 2. Curb weight: The vehicle's own mass. 3. Certified load capacity: The standard mass of cargo the vehicle is designed to carry. 4. Permissible towing mass: Refers to the total mass that a semi-trailer can tow (including the combined mass of the towed vehicle and cargo). It is the sum of the tractor's mass (excluding the driver and fuel), the towed vehicle's mass, and the cargo mass.

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Why can't car crystal coating be applied to glass?

Car crystal coating cannot be applied to glass due to high costs. The process is complex and requires strict conditions, necessitating professional training for the coating technicians and a high-standard environment, specifically a dust-free workspace. Below is additional information: Advantages of car glass crystal coating: After applying crystal coating to car glass, rainwater will quickly slide off upon contact with the glass, maintaining clear visibility under wind pressure and ensuring driving safety in the rain. A special hydrophobic protective film forms on the windshield surface, enhancing water repellency. As the vehicle speed increases, raindrops on the windshield will naturally slide off and disperse, reducing adhesion to the glass and maintaining clear visibility. This effectively reduces the use of windshield wipers and prevents visibility issues caused by wiper malfunctions, thereby decreasing the likelihood of accidents in rainy conditions and improving driving safety. Extending its lifespan: The coating effectively protects the glass from damage caused by acid rain, oil stains, insects, and harmful substances, as well as prevents oil film buildup on the glass surface due to car exhaust and other pollutants, keeping the glass clean. It contains no corrosive chemicals, protecting the windshield wipers from damage and extending their service life.

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Should the Positive or Negative Terminal Be Removed First When Disconnecting a Car Battery?

When disconnecting the battery cables, it is essential to remove the negative terminal first, followed by the positive terminal. In fact, there is no need to remove both terminals; simply disconnecting one end will break the circuit and stop power supply to the vehicle's devices. Below is a detailed explanation of the correct battery disconnection sequence: 1. Reason: The car's negative terminal is connected to the vehicle's body, which is made of metal. The entire body serves as the negative terminal, meaning any electrical component's negative side only needs to be grounded to the body. The current will then flow back to the negative terminal through the body, eliminating the need for separate wires to the negative terminal for each component. This significantly reduces wire usage and simplifies circuit troubleshooting. 2. Consequences: Disassembly tools are typically made of metal. If the positive terminal is removed first and the metal tool accidentally touches any metal part of the vehicle body, it would directly connect the battery's positive and negative terminals, causing a short circuit. In severe cases, this could even lead to a fire. Additionally, since metal tools conduct electricity, holding them directly in hand poses a potential hazard. Therefore, removing the negative terminal first is the correct and safer choice.

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What does a test vehicle mean?

Test vehicles generally refer to the first few batches of vehicles that roll off the production line after a new production line is operational and undergo some basic driving tests, such as crash tests, durability tests, emission tests, etc. The purpose of test vehicles is to conduct sufficient testing, verification, and road tests before they are launched on the market to ensure the quality of the new product. Test vehicles can be purchased under the following circumstances: 1. Static test vehicles are relatively better than road test vehicles. All newly manufactured vehicles undergo certain tests before being delivered to buyers. 2. If there is no damage, and the engine condition is no different from other stock new vehicles, it can be considered for purchase. Generally, as long as an invoice and a certificate of conformity are provided, the vehicle can be registered. 3. However, test vehicles are like used cars; it is necessary to clarify what tests they were used for. Some are used for engine tests, and some for chassis tests, both of which are fine. 4. Do not buy crash test vehicles, as they can be more troublesome than normal major accidents. Also, be careful not to buy vehicles with special configurations, as some special configuration vehicles may not have available spare parts.

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How Long Does It Take for Brakes to Recover After Changing Brake Fluid?

Soft brakes are closely related to the quality and performance of the brake fluid, as well as whether the brake fluid replacement operation was performed correctly. There are many complex reasons for soft brakes. To resolve the issue, the specific cause of the soft brakes must be identified and the related faults fixed. Therefore, soft brakes after changing the brake fluid will not recover on their own, and you should promptly visit a repair facility for maintenance. The following are common reasons for soft brakes in cars: 1. Air entering the brake system during brake fluid replacement. Brake fluid is the medium that transmits braking force. If air enters the brake fluid lines, the brake fluid will not provide sufficient force under high pressure, resulting in soft brakes. 2. Long-term neglect of brake fluid replacement. If brake fluid is used for an extended period, the accumulation of moisture and impurities inside will continuously increase, affecting the normal transmission of braking force. Therefore, regular brake fluid replacement is necessary to solve the issue of soft brakes. 3. Brake fluid leakage. Brake fluid is the primary medium for transmitting braking force. If there is a leak, the effectiveness of the braking force transmission will be compromised, leading to soft brakes. You can visit a 4S shop or a certified repair shop for inspection and repair.

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What is the maximum age limit for applying for a C1 driver's license?

For a C1 license, the maximum application age is 70 years old. After obtaining the license, there is no upper age limit, but individuals over 70 must submit an annual medical examination report. The C1 driver's license permits driving small and micro passenger vehicles, light and micro cargo trucks, as well as light, small, and micro special-purpose vehicles. Small passenger vehicles must accommodate 9 or fewer people. Large buses, tractors, city buses, medium-sized buses, large trucks, regular three-wheeled motorcycles, regular two-wheeled motorcycles, mopeds, wheeled self-propelled machinery, trolleybuses, and trams are not covered by the C1 license. Additionally, a C1 license holder cannot drive vehicles with more than 9 seats or cargo trucks exceeding 6 meters in total length. A C1 driver's license does not authorize the operation of motorcycles; driving motorcycles requires a D, E, or F license. While a C1 license allows driving all C2, C3, and C4 vehicle types, the driven vehicle must not exceed 6 meters in length, must have no more than 9 seats, and must be registered with a blue license plate. Even with a C1 license, the holder is not permitted to drive motorcycles, including two-wheeled and three-wheeled motorcycles.

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What are the BMW hybrid electric vehicles?

What does the term 'permissible towing mass' mean?

Why can't car crystal coating be applied to glass?

Should the Positive or Negative Terminal Be Removed First When Disconnecting a Car Battery?

What does a test vehicle mean?

How Long Does It Take for Brakes to Recover After Changing Brake Fluid?

What is the maximum age limit for applying for a C1 driver's license?

How to Turn on the Car's External Air Circulation?

Can a 70-Year-Old Drive a Car?

What Causes the Shock Absorber to Bottom Out When Driving Over Potholes?

How to Drive When Approaching the Top of an Uphill Road at Night?