What Are the Basic Structure and Functions of a Car?
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An automobile is typically composed of four main parts: the engine, chassis, body, and electrical equipment. Below is a more detailed introduction: I. Function of the Engine: The engine's role is to burn the fuel supplied to it and generate power. Most cars use reciprocating piston internal combustion engines, which generally consist of the engine block, crankshaft-connecting rod mechanism, valve train, fuel supply system, cooling system, lubrication system, ignition system (used in gasoline engines), and starting system. II. Composition of the Chassis: The chassis receives power from the engine, enabling the car to move and ensuring it operates normally according to the driver's control. The chassis consists of the following components: 1. Transmission System: Transmits the engine's power to the drive wheels. The transmission system includes the clutch, gearbox, drive shaft, and drive axle. 2. Running Gear: Connects all the assemblies and components of the car into a whole and supports the entire vehicle to ensure normal operation. The running gear includes the frame, front axle, drive axle housing, wheels (steering wheels and drive wheels), and suspension (front suspension and rear suspension). 3. Steering System: Ensures the car can move in the direction chosen by the driver, consisting of a steering wheel-equipped steering gear and steering linkage. 4. Braking Equipment: Slows down or stops the car and ensures it remains reliably parked after the driver leaves. Every car's braking equipment includes several independent braking systems, each composed of an energy supply device, control device, transmission device, and brake. III. Body: The body serves as the workspace for the driver and the area for carrying passengers and cargo. It should provide the driver with convenient operating conditions and offer passengers a comfortable and safe environment or ensure the cargo remains intact. A typical truck body includes the front sheet metal cab, driver's cabin, and cargo compartment. IV. Electrical Equipment: The electrical equipment consists of the power supply group, engine starting and ignition systems, car lighting, and signal devices. Additionally, modern cars are increasingly equipped with various electronic devices such as microprocessors, central computer systems, and various artificial intelligence devices, significantly enhancing the car's performance.
